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Tahir, Nur Diyana Mohamad
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Veterinary

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First Report of Aeromonas schubertii Infection in Striped Snakehead Channa striata (Bloch, 1793) Fingerlings in Malaysia Tahir, Nur Diyana Mohamad; Matori, Mohd Fuad; Gan, Han Ming
Jurnal Medik Veteriner Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): April
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jmv.vol7.iss1.2024.33-40

Abstract

Striped snakehead fingerlings Channa striata reared in a concrete pond with size 13.5 m3 (3 m ´ 3 m ´ 1.5 m) in a hatchery farm, in Labu, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia had more than 70% mortality. The pond contained 1500 fingerlings of 5–7 cm in total length (TL). The purpose of this study was to investigate the high mortality event on the farm as part of a veterinary diagnostics service. Clinical signs observed were skin discoloration, lethargy, and anorexia. Necropsy was performed in 10 fish with gross lesions of 1–2 mm and multiple whitish nodules in the abdominal organs and most notably in the liver, and kidney. Following necropsy, bacteriology samples from the kidney and liver were inoculated onto Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) and Blood Agar (BA). Pure colonies were observed and were Gram-negative with short rod morphology. The full-length 16S rRNA gene was amplified from the pure colonies followed by sequencing using the Nanopore MinIONâ„¢ (Oxford Nanopore, UK). The isolated strain was identified as Aeromonas schubertii based on the assembled 16S rRNA sequence showing nucleotide identity of 99.73% (top hit) to A. schubertii (GenBank Accession: NR_037014.2) while only a nucleotide identity of 97.55% was observed against Aeromonas hydrophila (GenBank Accession: NR_119190.1-), respectively. Histopathological examination from the liver, kidney, spleen, and intestine revealed granulomatous nephritis, and degeneration of tubular epithelium, with granulomatous hepatitis, splenitis, and enteritis. The prognosis of this case was grave. No treatment was given as the owner had decided to dispose of all current stock. This is the first A. schubertii infection in C. striata described in Malaysia. The findings of the present study may serve as a reference for similar cases in C. striata in the future so rapid diagnosis and treatment can be made if required.
Genomic Characterization of Vibrio spp. in Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer, Bloch, 1790) Following Field Vaccination Using a Feed-Based Inactivated Vaccine against Vibriosis Tahir, Nur Diyana Mohamad; Yap, Sing Yee; Nor, Norhariani Mohd.; Yasin, Ina-Salwany Md.; Azmai, Mohammad Noor Amal; Zahli, Nurul Izzati Uda; Gan, Han Ming
Jurnal Medik Veteriner Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jmv.vol8.iss1.2025.99-113

Abstract

Vibriosis outbreaks pose a significant threat to the productivity of Asian seabass culture, causing substantial losses. Nevertheless, the excessive utilization of antimicrobials exacerbates the issue by fostering the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Consequently, exploring alternative disease management strategies, such as the introduction of oral vaccines into Asian seabass culture, has become a subject of ongoing investigation. This study aims to compare the genomic characteristics of different Vibrio species isolated from both orally vaccinated and unvaccinated Asian seabass populations. Archived samples of vaccinated and unvaccinated Asian seabass from one site in Selangor, Malaysia, were utilized in this sample. Briefly, the vaccinated group was administered the feed-based vaccine on week 0 (prime vaccination), 2 (booster), and 6 (second booster) at 4% body weight. At the same time, the non-vaccinated fish were fed with a commercially formulated pellet without the vaccine. Vibrio isolates identified from the gut samples were used in this study. The samples were stored at -80°C before being subjected to genomic DNA extraction, PCR, gel electrophoresis, and sequencing using Illumina and Nanopore platforms. Universal 16s primer and pyrH primer were used to identify Vibrio species. Bioinformatic analysis was done using NCBI BLAST, QUAST, BUSCO 5, CGE, and J Species. The isolates of Vibrio species exhibited smooth, convex, round, and entire colonies on TCBS agar plates, which were yellow and green. Twenty-two isolates were sent for 16s rRNA sequencing and revealed Vibrio alginolyticus (54.54%), followed by V. diabolicus (13.63%) and V. parahaemolyticus and V. harveyi (9.09% respectively). Of the 22 samples, 7 were selected for further Illumina sequencing. The whole genome sequences of the six Vibrio species isolated exhibited good coverage percentage, N50 value, Average Nucleotide Identity (ANIb), single-copy percentage, and GC content, while one sample showed low single-copy percentage and high duplicated percentage, which suggested contamination during DNA extraction. Eight novel alleles were discovered, three from the vaccinated group and five from the unvaccinated group, including the Rec, atpA, gyrB, and pyrH. A virulence factor database analysis search revealed 58 virulent genes from the unvaccinated samples and 39 virulent genes from the vaccinated samples. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the genomic characteristics between orally vaccinated and unvaccinated cultured Asian seabass in the locality.
Surgical Management of Biliary Duct Hamartoma in a Cat: A Case Report Manap, Nur Ainina Ab; Chong, Tey Yu; Arip, Erni Wati Mohd; Radzi, Rozanaliza; Zakaria, Muhamad Alif; Tahir, Nur Diyana Mohamad; Zahli, Nurul Izzati Uda
Jurnal Medik Veteriner Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jmv.vol8.iss1.2025.236-241

Abstract

Cysts in the liver or biliary duct are uncommon in veterinary medicine. A multiloculated, fluid-filled liver cyst measuring 18 cm in diameter was detected in a two-year-old spayed female mixed-breed cat via radiography and computed tomography. The cyst was attached to the medial lobe aspect of the liver and continued with the gall bladder. Cystectomy and omentopexy were performed, and the resected cyst was examined histologically. Histologic analysis revealed variable-sized cystic spaces lined by low simple cuboidal and attenuated epithelium. The cyst wall was composed of thick collagenous stroma containing entrapped islands of the hepatic parenchyma, which included atrophied hepatocytes, dilated sinusoidal spaces filled with erythrocytes, and randomly distributed hyperplastic bile ducts. These histologic findings were consistent with biliary duct hamartoma. The cat had an uneventful recovery, and no recurrence was observed one-year post-surgery.
Dietary Chlorella vulgaris Improves Growth and Modulates Gut Microbiota in Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) Norazman, Ammar; Tahir, Nur Diyana Mohamad; Salleh, Annas; Nor, Norhariani Mohd; Azmai, Mohamad Noor Amal; Ikhsan, Natrah
Jurnal Medik Veteriner Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): October
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jmv.vol8.iss2.2025.350-367

Abstract

The giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) is a commercially vital species in global aquaculture due to its rapid growth and high market demand, and Chlorella vulgaris is a nutrient-rich microalga lauded for its potential as a sustainable feed supplement. In this preliminary study, the effects of C. vulgaris supplementation on the growth and gut microbiota of giant freshwater prawn was investigated. Prawns were randomly assigned to three groups and fed diets supplemented with C. vulgaris at 0 g/kg (control), 30 g/kg (T1), or 60 g/kg (T2) for 14 days. For growth performance analysis, body weight was measured in a randomly selected 10% of the population at the beginning, midpoint, and end of the experiment. For gut microbiota analysis, faecal samples were taken from M. rosenbergii and used for DNA extraction and amplification via PCR. The PCR product was sequenced using 16S rRNA sequencing on Illumina platform. Results showed significantly improved growth rates in the supplemented groups, with T2 (highest growth rate) having 55% higher weight gain compared to the controls. Gut microbiota analysis revealed increased diversity, with the alpha biodiversity indices showing higher indices in supplemented groups compared to the controls although non-significant (p = 0.196, 0.136, 0.532 and 0.304 for Ace Chao1, Shannon and Simpson respectively). Specifically, the T1 group (highest alpha biodiversity) exhibited the following increases compared to the control: Ace by 53.55%, Shannon by 61.16%, Chao1 by 55.94%, and Simpson by 55.90%. In β-biodiversity analysis, there were shifts in bacterial community composition, with a notable increase in beneficial bacteria such as Synechocystis spp. and decrease in potentially pathogenic ones such as Chitinibacter spp. in the supplemented groups. PICRUSt2 analysis predicted enhanced metabolic pathways related to vitamin synthesis and energy metabolism, suggesting improved gut health and nutrient utilization. Although some results lacked statistical significance due to the short study duration, the findings suggest that long-term C. vulgaris supplementation may yield more pronounced benefits in M. rosenbergii aquaculture, potentially improving growth performance.
Co-Authors Arip, Erni Wati Mohd Azmai, Mohamad Noor Amal Azmai, Mohammad Noor Amal Chong, Tey Yu Gan, Han Ming Ikhsan, Natrah Manap, Nur Ainina Ab Matori, Mohd Fuad Nor, Norhariani Mohd Nor, Norhariani Mohd. Norazman, Ammar Radzi, Rozanaliza Salleh, Annas Yap, Sing Yee Yasin, Ina-Salwany Md. Zahli, Nurul Izzati Uda Zakaria, Muhamad Alif