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All Journal Jurnal Respirasi (JR) Narra J
Raffael, Frans
Unknown Affiliation
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Comparison of exhaled carbon monoxide levels and its association with nicotine dependence between electronic and tobacco cigarettes: A cross-sectional study among teenage smokers Raffael, Frans; Pandia, Pandiaman; Tarigan, Amira P.; Mutiara, Erna; Osakue, Osareniro E.
Narra J Vol. 3 No. 3 (2023): December 2023
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v3i3.418

Abstract

Carbon monoxide (CO), resulting from incomplete combustion such as tobacco smoking, serves as an indicator of nicotine addiction. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of exhaled CO levels between electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) and tobacco smokers and to determine the association between nicotine dependence and exhaled CO levels in e-cigarette and tobacco smokers. A cross-sectional study was conducted using purposive sampling on active smokers, with 70 smokers in each group. The nicotine dependence was measured using the Penn State Nicotine Dependence Index (PSNDI) questionnaire for the e-cigarette group and the Fagerstrom questionnaire for the tobacco smoking group. The CO level was measured using the smokerlyzer piCO. To compare the mean exhaled CO levels between e-cigarettes and tobacco smoker groups, the Mann-Whitney test was used. The Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to assess the associations between nicotine dependence and mean exhaled CO levels in the e-cigarette smoker group and in the tobacco smoker group, respectively. The majority of e-cigarette smokers were 17 years old (65.7%) and male (75.7%). Among tobacco smokers, the majority were also 17 years old (44.3%), and mostly male (91.4%). The mean exhaled CO levels in the tobacco smoker group were significantly higher than the e-cigarette smoker group, 6.86 ppm vs 1.61 ppm with p<0.001. There was a significant association between nicotine dependence and exhaled CO levels among tobacco smokers (p<0.001). Nicotine dependence was not associated with exhaled CO levels among e-cigarette smokers. This study highlights that the smokerlyzer piCO devise could be used to screen nicotine addiction in tobacco smokers.
Deterioration of Respiratory Symptoms in Uncontrolled CPFE: A Case Report Raffael, Frans; Tarigan, Amira Permatasari
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 11 No. 1 (2025): January 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jr.v11-I.1.2025.54-61

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has a global impact on health and increases healthcare costs. Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) combines interstitial lung disease (ILD) and emphysema. Excessive short-acting β2-agonist (SABA) usage escalates exacerbation risk, affecting prognosis. Case: A 44-year-old former smoker presented with worsening shortness of breath, cough, and weight loss. Examination showed respiratory distress, including wheezing. Initially, he was diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) and COPD exacerbation. He regularly used jet nebulizers without medical supervision, and during the initial treatment, he developed acute respiratory failure, leading to acidosis. Treatment involved SABA and short-acting muscarinic-antagonist (SAMA), steroids, and oxygen therapy. In November 2023, his condition worsened, requiring emergency treatment. Radiological findings indicated CPFE. Management included nebulized medications, intravenous steroids, and antibiotics. Despite challenges, he rarely attended follow-up appointments after showing improvement, missing scheduled rehabilitation therapy, inhaler monitoring, comorbid therapy, and home oxygen monitoring. Conclusion: Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema combines ILD and emphysema, causing severe respiratory impairment. Management mirrors that of COPD, involving inhalers, corticosteroids, and oxygen therapy.
Co-Authors Erna Mutiara Osakue, Osareniro E. Pandia, Pandiaman Tarigan, Amira P. Tarigan, Amira Permatasari