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All Journal International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Ananth, Raghavendra
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Economics, Econometrics & Finance Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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An exhaustive review of the stream ciphers and their performance analysis Ananth, Raghavendra; Ramaiah, Narayana Swamy
International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 13, No 2: July 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v13.i2.pp360-371

Abstract

The number of internet of things (IoT) applications has increased, which has increased the demand for low-resource gadgets. The data produced by these devices must be protected to guarantee security. The devices operate in conditions with limited space, computational power, memory, and energy. High-security standards are difficult to achieve with limited resources. The detailed analysis of various stream ciphers and their performance metrics is reviewed in this manuscript. The functionality of the stream ciphers is categorized and thoroughly discussed based on both the hardware and software viewpoints. The security attacks and their countermeasure methods using stream ciphers are discussed. The performance metrics of most hardware-based stream ciphers, including the ECRYPT stream cipher project (eSTREAM) ciphers, are discussed. Each hardware stream cipher design highlights the hardware constraints such as chip area, frequency, throughput, and hardware efficiency. The work also highlights the various applications using these stream ciphers. The current trends using these stream ciphers are discussed with futuristic goals.
Hardware-based efficient Mickey-128 stream cipher with unrolling factors for throughput enhancement Ananth, Raghavendra; Rao Malode V., Panduranga; Swamy Ramaiah, Narayana
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 14, No 1: February 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v14i1.8270

Abstract

The emerging trend known as "ubiquitous computation" aims to incorporate intelligent gadgets into commonplace items. The lightweight cryptographic techniques are being researched and developed to minimize the gadgets' resources and a perpetual desire to reduce production expenses. A key element of symmetric cryptography, the stream cipher has unique benefits in terms of scalability as well as performance. The Mickey-128 stream cipher is designed and implemented in this manuscript. Additionally, unrolling features are incorporated with Mickey-128 cipher to enhance the throughput. The Mickey-128 contains a 128-bit key, an initialization vector (IV), and two clocking registers (R and S) with mapping units. The finite state machine (FSM) controller initializes and controls the key, IV and RS- registers data. The proposed Mickey-128 cipher runs on an Artix-7 field programmable gate array (FPGA) at 639.1 MHz and uses less than 1% of the chip's area (Slices). For unrolling factors 8 and 16, the Mickey-128 cipher achieves a throughput of 5.12 Gbps and 10.23 Gbps, accordingly. Finally, a comparison is made between the proposed Mickey-128 cipher and the existing ciphers' better hardware efficiency and throughput.
Co-Authors Ramaiah, Narayana Swamy Rao Malode V., Panduranga Swamy Ramaiah, Narayana