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Sejarah Empat Mazhab Islam dan Eksistensinya di Indonesia Alfatoni, Muhammad Aqil; Ni’matul Wasih, Imelda; Hikmal Akbar, Mohammad; Nur Niba, Nadia Oktavia
Taruna Law: Journal of Law and Syariah Vol. 2 No. 02 (2024): July
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Taruna Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54298/tarunalaw.v2i02.196

Abstract

Islamic law as we know and understand it has undergone several phases. Starting at the time of the Prophet untilnow. The Prophet has laid the foundation of the law which is upheld by the companions. This research the authorwants to know why many Indonesian people prefer to apply or use the Shafi'i Madzhab. This paper uses empiricallegal methods, with a qualitative approach and historical approach. The data collection technique that the authoruses is a questionnaire distributed to 33 respondents regarding why the general public applies more teachings from the Shafi'i madhhab and through journals and books, so that in this paper using qualitative research. The four main Sunni madhhabs have characteristics that distinguish each other in their interpretation of Islamic law. Despite their differences, the four madhhabs share the same goal of providing legal guidance to Muslims and maintaining the unity of the ummah. The methodology used by the four madhhab imams is certainly different in determining Islamic law. In Indonesia, the Shafi'i madhhab is the most dominant. The majority of scholars, Islamic boarding schools, and Islamic religious education institutions in Indonesia follow the Shafi'i madhhab in interpreting Islamic law. This is influenced by the history of Islam in Indonesia, where most of the spreaders of Islam in Indonesia were of the Syafi'i school of thought.
Pertanggungjawaban Komando dalam Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia di Indonesia Pravidjayanto, Mochammad Rafi; Alfatoni, Muhammad Aqil; Fajrin, Muslihah Yunita
Komparatif: Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum dan Pemikiran Islam Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): Juni
Publisher : Department of Comparative Mazhab Comparative, Fakulty of Shariah and Law

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/komparatif.v4i1.2388

Abstract

Abstract: The ineffectiveness of legal norms in Article 42 paragraphs (1) and (2) of Law Number 26 of 2000, which contains the material of command accountability, has implications for the impunity of gross human rights violators committed by law enforcement officials. This paper aims to find out the principles, problems, and ideal concepts in command accountability, which will then be internationalised in the National Code of Law (KUHP) with the hope that in the future the a quo article can be effective in ensnaring perpetrators of gross human rights violations, through juridical-normative methods with a conceptual approach, and a statute approach. The results of this article are, first, the existence of inequality in subjective elements in Articles 598-599 of the National Criminal Code, which relates to gross human rights, and Article 42 of Law Number 26 of 2000. This has the potential to ensnare the legal subject of citizens who incidentally are not obligors, so that it is more effective to include the element of command accountability in the explanation of the word "everyone" in the National Criminal Code. Second, in the procedural law of human rights courts, there is a recommendation to use reverse proof strictly by focusing on proving the causal relationship between the involvement of military commanders or civilian superiors and their soldiers or subordinates. Standardisation of evidence is also needed so that cases of gross human rights violations can be resolved immediately.Keywords: Command Responsibility; National Criminal Code; Gross Humanitarian Violence. Abstrak: Ketidakefektifan norma hukum dalam Pasal 42 ayat (1) dan (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 26 Tahun 2000 yang memuat materi pertanggungjawaban komando, berimplikasi pada impunitas pelanggar Hak Asasi Manusia berat (HAM berat) yang dilakukan oleh aparat penegak hukum. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prinsip, problematika, dan konsep ideal dalam pertanggungjawaban komando yang selanjutnya akan di internaslisasikan dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Nasional (KUHP Nasional) dengan harapan kedepannya pasal a quo tersebut dapat efektif dalam menjerat pelaku pelanggaran HAM berat. Melalui metode yuridis-normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach), dan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach). Adapun hasil tulisan ini yakni pertama, adanya ketimpangan dalam unsur subjektif dalam Pasal 598-599 KUHP Nasional yang mengatur terkait dengan tindak pidana yang berkaitan dengan HAM berat, dan Pasal 42 Undang-Undang Nomor 26 Tahun 2000. Hal tersebut memiliki potensi dalam menjerat subjek hukum warga negara yang notabene bukan pemangku kewajiban sehingga lebih efektifnya memasukkan unsur pertanggungjawaban komando pada penjelasan kata “setiap orang” dalam KUHP Nasional. Kedua, pada hukum acara pengadilan HAM terdapat rekomendasi menggunakan pembuktian terbalik secara ketat dengan berfokus pada pembuktian hubungan kausal antara keterlibatan komandan militer atau atasan sipil dengan prajurit atau bawahannya. Standarisasi alat bukti juga diperlukan agar kasus pelanggaran HAM berat di dapat segera terselesaikan.Kata Kunci: Pertanggungjawaban Komando; Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana; Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia Berat.
PEMAHAMAN DASAR DALAM HUKUM ADAT Alfariel, Enru Achmad; Abidin, Farah Arthanevia; Wardana, Mahendra Kartika; Alfatoni, Muhammad Aqil
Taruna Law: Journal of Law and Syariah Vol. 3 No. 02 (2025): July
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Taruna Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54298/tarunalaw.v3i02.464

Abstract

Indonesia is a country with a very large diversity of indigenous tribes, and in each indigenous tribe in each region there are differences in the laws used in dealing with problems that occur in the respective regions of the indigenous tribe. The large number of indigenous tribes in each region gave rise to this article to provide practitioners with an understanding of fundamental knowledge about customary law in the territory of Indonesia. This study uses a juridical-normative method with a conceptual approach and a study of laws and regulations. The results of this study emphasize the importance of understanding the concept and definition of customary law itself. In addition, this article also highlights that customary law communities still maintain the validity of customary law until now because they believe that decisions made through customary justice mechanisms against a violation are able to present a sense of justice. Not only that, customary justice is also considered capable of restoring social and spiritual balance that is disturbed due to customary violations. And also with the many cultural diversities in Indonesia, it also provides differences related to the understanding or definition of customary law in each region, so that in this article there is how to define customary law in the Bugis and Minangkabau regions. Of course, both regions also provide different definitions regarding what customary law is and also in the process of forming customary law itself there are several stages which are also discussed in this writing.
REFORMASI PEMIDANAAN KORUPSI KORPORASI MELALUI KONSTRUKSI MODEL DEFFERED PROSECUTION AGREEMENT BERBASIS KEADILAN SOSIAL DI INDONESIA Pravidjayanto, Mochammad Rafi; Haq, Neha Hifa; Alfatoni, Muhammad Aqil
Jurnal Yuridis Vol 12 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Yuridis
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35586/jyur.v12i1.10751

Abstract

Corruption is the main factor in doing business in Indonesia. The subject of corporate law plays a major role in the rate of economic growth in Indonesia, thus causing a tendency for corruption crimes by corporations. Enforcement through penal channels imposed on corporations reaps problems, such as a decline in public trust which results in a decrease in corporate income which has implications for mass termination of employment. The purpose of this paper is to examine the opportunities and challenges of implementing the Deferred Prosecution Agreement (DPA) or suspension of prosecution in the enforcement of corporate crimes carried out with a non-penal approach based on John Rawls' social justice. This study uses a juridical-normative method with conceptual, legislative, and comparative approaches. The results of the paper show that the importance of the implementation of the DPA and its potential application lies in the prosecutor as the ruler of the case by applying the principle of opportunity. The challenges in its implementation are related to the differences in the state legal system that uses the DPA mechanism, the shift in the principle of enforcing corruption crimes as extra ordinary crimes from primum remedium to ultimum remedium. The recommendations offered include the urgency to establish a special law that regulates the DPA mechanism in Indonesia as a consequence of the civil law legal system, adding a mechanism if the corporation has good faith in submitting an agreement with the prosecutor through Self-Report and opportunities to improve corporate governance.