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All Journal Jurnal Respirasi (JR) The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Digestive Endoscopy
Michaela, Cleine
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Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Change of Gut Microbiota and its Role in Tuberculosis Mustika, Syifa; Michaela, Cleine
The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Digestive Endoscopy Vol 25, No 2 (2024): VOLUME 25, NUMBER 2, August, 2024
Publisher : The Indonesian Society for Digestive Endoscopy

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24871/2522024336

Abstract

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a prevalent infectious illness and a leading cause of death globally. An alteration in the microbial communities heightens vulnerability to tuberculosis. The changes mentioned below are responsible for pulmonary disease, as well as a decrease in the body's ability to resist the invasion of harmful external microorganisms or the depletion of beneficial bacteria. Literature review: Adults diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis exhibited a stool microbiome that contained a greater abundance of anaerobic microorganisms. This was found to be linked to proinflammatory immunological pathways in the host and was also associated with the severity of tuberculosis. Relapsed tuberculosis was correlated with elevated Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria levels and decreased Bacteroidetes levels. The pathogenesis of Mycobacterium TB infection and the onset of tuberculosis symptoms may be influenced by changes in the gut-lung microbiome axis. Medication availability, efficacy, and adverse effects can be impacted by the gut flora in several ways. Currently, researchers recommend exploring the potential of combining TB medicine with gut-focused probiotics to improve treatment response and outcomes. Conclusion: The microbiome has the potential to be a modifiable risk factor for tuberculosis. The human microbiota may have a role in the development of M. tuberculosis and treatment for tuberculosis can disrupt the balance of microorganisms, leading to dysbiosis, which can in turn impact the host's immune system. Probiotics and postbiotics demonstrate anti-tuberculosis properties, suggesting their ability to address problems arising from the use of various antibiotics.Keywords: Tuberculosis, microbiome, gut-lung axis
Significance Level of Pleural Fluid Tissue Inhibitor Metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and Glucose Levels as Biomarkers of Malignant Pleural Effusion Michaela, Cleine; Putra, Ngakan Putu Parsama; Djajalaksana, Susanthy; Setijowati, Nanik; Listyoko, Aditya Sri
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jr.v11-I.3.2025.208-215

Abstract

Introduction: Distinguishing between malignant and non-malignant pleural effusions is often challenging due to overlapping biochemical profiles. Conventional diagnostic methods, including cytology and biopsy, are limited by their invasive nature, high costs, and potential complications. Emerging biomarkers, such as tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and pleural fluid glucose levels, show promise as alternative diagnostic tools, but their clinical utility requires further validation. This study investigated the diagnostic value of TIMP-1 and pleural fluid glucose levels in differentiating malignant from non-malignant pleural effusions and explored their correlation in malignant cases. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study included patients with exudative pleural effusion, categorized as malignant or non-malignant based on cytology and/or biopsy results. Biomarker levels of TIMP-1 and pleural fluid glucose were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and biochemical analysis. Diagnostic thresholds for both biomarkers were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: Among 88 patients studied (33 malignant, 55 non-malignant), pleural fluid glucose levels were significantly lower in malignant cases (55.97 vs. 93.71 mg/dL; p=0.001), while TIMP-1 levels were notably higher (13.88 vs. 13.34 pg/mL; p<0.001). Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy (86.5%) compared to glucose (70.6%) and the combined biomarker model (76.5%), with the sensitivity and specificity of 84.8% and 83.6%, respectively. Conclusion: Elevated TIMP-1 levels and reduced pleural fluid glucose levels are promising diagnostic biomarkers for malignant pleural effusion (MPE). Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 exhibited the highest diagnostic accuracy, highlighting its potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool in clinical practice.
Co-Authors Djajalaksana, Susanthy Listyoko, Aditya Sri Nanik Setijowati Putra, Ngakan Putu Parsama Syifa Mustika