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An Evaluation Of Pakistan's Food Supply And Security Munir, Muhammad Osama; Hussain, Muhammad Ali; Yaseen, Tanees; Bibi, Maria; Kalsoom, Kalsoom; Ayesha, Ayesha; Afsheen, Afsheen; Khursheed, Aneesa; Fazal, Haneen; Shafqat, Sadia; Tehreem, Tehreem
Journal of Research in Social Science and Humanities Vol 5, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Utan Kayu Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47679/jrssh.v5i1.132

Abstract

Food insecurity remains a pressing issue globally, impacting over a billion individuals, with governments striving to address this challenge as a priority. Regions such as Asia and the Pacific Islands exhibit the highest levels of food insecurity, while Sub-Saharan Africa, although severely affected, shows slightly lower rates. Among the countries grappling with this crisis, Pakistan stands out as one of the most severely affected. A growing number of its population is chronically food insecure, which exacerbates the nation's ongoing food crisis. Recent developments in global methodologies and the availability of more precise data have allowed for better monitoring and analysis of food security trends worldwide. Key indicators, such as population statistics, food balance sheets, and consumption patterns, have become crucial tools in understanding the depth of the issue. In the case of Pakistan, these improved tools have revealed that the Prevalence of Undernourishment (PoU) for the period 2017-2019 reached 12.3%, marking a slight increase from the previous figure of 12.0% recorded the year before. This increase in the PoU reflects the country's ongoing struggle to meet Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicator 2.1.1, which seeks to eradicate hunger and ensure access to safe and nutritious food for all. Despite the country's efforts to address this issue, the number of people unable to meet their basic calorie needs continues to rise, with an estimated 26 million individuals currently facing chronic hunger. As the food crisis in Pakistan persists, it underscores the need for more effective strategies and interventions to combat food insecurity and ensure that the basic nutritional requirements of its population are met.
Determination of hygiene status of milk sold in Lahore, Pakistan Fatima, Sonia; Zubair, Asim; Fatima, Huma; Ayesha, Ayesha; Tehreem, Ayesha
Humanities & Language: International Journal of Linguistics, Humanities, and Education Vol. 2 No. 4 (2025): Humanities & Language: International Journal of Linguistics, Humanities, and Ed
Publisher : Abdul Media Literasi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/m4nt4952

Abstract

Although milk is a vital source of nutrients and energy, its safety depends heavily on sanitary handling, storage, and marketing procedures. This study used proximate analysis, microbial load estimation, and field-based hygiene assessments to examine the cleanliness state of raw milk sold in Lahore, Pakistan. In accordance with AOAC protocols, samples were gathered from two disparate urban areas (Iqbal Town and Gulberg) and examined for fat, protein, moisture, ash, acidity, total solids, and solids-not-fat content. The Methylene Blue Reduction Test (MBRT) and the Total Bacterial Count (TBC) were used to evaluate the microbiological quality. The majority of the samples did not meet Punjab Pure Food and Codex requirements, according to the data. According to MBRT results, just 13.3% of samples were good, 23.3% were fair, and 63.6% were of poor quality. In almost every instance, TBC levels were higher above allowable limits, suggesting a substantial danger of microbiological contamination. These findings were supported by field surveys, which showed that 80% of vendors sold milk in thin plastic bags that encourage bacterial growth and chemical contamination, 35% used containers that were not properly cleaned, and 65% of vendors had poor personal hygiene.  Pathogens including Salmonella, Listeria, and E. coli pose major health concerns to the population, and the lack of cold chain management further degraded milk quality. In order to guarantee milk safety and the welfare of consumers, the study emphasizes the critical need for more hygienic enforcement, better transportation and storage procedures, and awareness campaigns.