Lahadalia, Bahlil
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Nickel Downstreaming in Indonesia: Reinventing Sustainable Industrial Policy and Developmental State in Building the EV Industry in ASEAN Lahadalia, Bahlil; Wijaya, Chandra; Dartanto, Teguh; Subroto, Athor
JAS (Journal of ASEAN Studies) Vol. 12 No. 1 (2024): Journal of ASEAN Studies
Publisher : Centre for Business and Diplomatic Studies (CBDS) Bina Nusantara University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21512/jas.v12i1.11128

Abstract

The developmental state concept, which entails proactive government support for economic structural transformation, remains contentious today. Some scholars vigorously argue that government intervention in the economy was indispensable to the success of East Asian countries, whereas others are critical of the practice, arguing that it tends to neglect sustainability dimensions and contending that government intervention in the market is often unwarranted. In this study, the authors analyse how Indonesia’s nickel ‘downstreaming’ strategy represents a new developmental state model that considers the aforementioned discourse on the merit of industrial policy. The new model aligns the classical developmental state concept with the need to address pressing environmental and social concerns, which are widely recognized as being of paramount importance. Through an integrative literature review and secondary data analysis, the study reveals that Indonesia’s downstreaming strategy does exemplify a new developmental state model, as the government does not aim just to stimulate economic growth but also to contribute to the energy transition with EV battery manufacturing and to invigorate social inclusion by ameliorating inequality particularly in Eastern Indonesia. Nevertheless, the application of the new developmental state model through the downstreaming strategy uncovers some areas where improvement is necessary. The policy needs to be continuously refined so that its negative environmental and social externalities can be mitigated, and it can serve as a better example of a new developmental state model.
From Aimless Stray To Charting The Way: Financing Policy Reforms To Bolster Indonesia’s Downstreaming Strategy Lahadalia, Bahlil; Wijaya, Chandra; Subroto, Athor
Jurnal Reviu Akuntansi dan Keuangan Vol. 14 No. 3 (2024): Jurnal Reviu Akuntansi dan Keuangan
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/jrak.v14i3.35906

Abstract

Purpose: A major impediment to the entry of domestic firms into these sectors is limited access to financing. This study seeks to analyze the constraints to financing access in Indonesia and to formulate policy recommendations to address them by employing an integrative literature review and comparative analysis of East Asian countries. Methodology/approach: This paper employs an integrative literature review and comparative analysis to explore potential policy solutions for mobilizing capital for Indonesia’s downstream industry. Findings: Findings indicate that Indonesia’s financial system, following substantial liberalization, now tends to favor projects with short-term returns over long-term downstream manufacturing projects that are critical for economic transformation. Practical implications:  Indonesia must direct its limited capital towards strategic downstream investments. The paper suggests three policy options: 1) providing direct preferential loans; 2) offering guarantees; and 3) injecting equity into targeted domestic firms. Originality/value:   The recommendations come with several caveats, including robust governance, specific conditionalities, and stringent evaluation to ensure that financial support targets the most competitive enterprises that can meet the government’s long-term development goals. This research found that while the government's proactive financing presents inherent risk, the greater peril lies in inaction, which could further consign Indonesia to the middle-income trap.