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All Journal Journal of Physics and Its Applications Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Ahmad, Israr
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Astronomy Earth & Planetary Sciences Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics

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Comparison of Percentage Depth Doses with the Published Data for Co-60 Radiotherapy Machine at a Regional Cancer Hospital Ali, Javaid; Sohail, Muhammd; Samad, Abdul; Ahmad, Israr; Soomro, Hafeezullah; Biradar, Ghufran; Naz, Irum; Tariq, Imadullah
Journal of Physics and Its Applications Vol 6, No 1 (2023): November 2023
Publisher : Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jpa.v6i1.20537

Abstract

In external beam radiation therapy, the percentage depth dose (PDD) is a main factor for estimation of patient’s dose and dose distribution in target volume, therefore its accurate estimation is important. The purpose of this article is to compare PDDs with the published PDDs of different authors along central axis at different depths and field sizes for cobalt-60 (Co-60) radiotherapy machine at a regional cancer hospital Pakistan. A dedicated water phantom was used for estimation of PDDs at different depths and different field sizes, for Theratron phoenix Co-60 machine. It was observed that for 10×10 cm2 filed size of Co-60 beam mean percent variation in measured PDDs and published PDDs by different authors was -0.29% to 1.13%, which was within acceptable limit of ± 2%. However, for one author who used semi-empirical equation for PDDs calculation, the mean percent variation between measured PDDs and that of the author was -3.23%, 4.69% and 5.88% for 10×10 cm2, 25×25 cm2 and 30×30 cm2 field sizes of Co-60 beam respectively, which were within acceptable limit of   ±10%. A noticeable increase in PDDs was observed with increase of the field size at given depth which shows obvious contribution of secondary scattered radiation. Also measured PDDs were well matched with that of published PDDs of most of the authors i.e. ± 2%, but the measured PDDs were moderately matched with that of PDDs for only one author for some field sizes and some depths i.e. ±10%, which need to be rectified by taking more such data. 
A time-efficient nonlinear control method for the hyperchaotic finance system synchronization Haris, Muhammad; Shafiq, Muhammad; Ahmad, Israr; Ali, Zulfiqar; Manickam, Geethalakshmi; Ghaffar, Abid
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 35, No 2: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v35.i2.pp834-843

Abstract

Irregular and complex behavior in the financial system can disrupt stability and smooth economic growth. It causes randomness within the system, generating chaos; hindering synchronization behaviour. Achieving smooth and rapid synchronization between two coupled hyperchaotic finance (HF) systems with lessened fluctuation of input and output signals is vital for continuing financial stability and fostering economic growth, a challenge addressed in this article. The paper proposes a novel time-efficient nonlinear control (TENLC) technique and investigates HF systems synchronization using the drive-response system (DRS) arrangement. The proposed TENLC strategy realizes fast and smooth synchronization behaviour between two coupled HF systems, reducing closed-loop state-variable trajectory oscillations. The controller is designed to retain the nonlinear components within the closed-loop system and does not depend on the system's parameters, simplifying the design and analysis process. The Lyapunov stability technique confirms the closed-loop's global stability at the origin. Proofs of mathematical analysis and computer-based simulation results validate the theoretical findings, showing that the presented TENLC strategy converges the state error trajectories to zero in a short transient time with lessened fluctuations for all signals. The comparative computer-based simulation analysis confirms that the presented TENLC approach outperforms other synchronization control techniques.
Co-Authors Abdul Samad Ali, Javaid Ali, Zulfiqar Biradar, Ghufran Ghaffar, Abid Manickam, Geethalakshmi MUHAMMAD HARIS Naz, Irum Shafiq, Muhammad Sohail, Muhammd Soomro, Hafeezullah Tariq, Imadullah