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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Journal of Language, Literature, Social and Cultural Studies
Ali, Zulfiqar
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Arts Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences

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A time-efficient nonlinear control method for the hyperchaotic finance system synchronization Haris, Muhammad; Shafiq, Muhammad; Ahmad, Israr; Ali, Zulfiqar; Manickam, Geethalakshmi; Ghaffar, Abid
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 35, No 2: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v35.i2.pp834-843

Abstract

Irregular and complex behavior in the financial system can disrupt stability and smooth economic growth. It causes randomness within the system, generating chaos; hindering synchronization behaviour. Achieving smooth and rapid synchronization between two coupled hyperchaotic finance (HF) systems with lessened fluctuation of input and output signals is vital for continuing financial stability and fostering economic growth, a challenge addressed in this article. The paper proposes a novel time-efficient nonlinear control (TENLC) technique and investigates HF systems synchronization using the drive-response system (DRS) arrangement. The proposed TENLC strategy realizes fast and smooth synchronization behaviour between two coupled HF systems, reducing closed-loop state-variable trajectory oscillations. The controller is designed to retain the nonlinear components within the closed-loop system and does not depend on the system's parameters, simplifying the design and analysis process. The Lyapunov stability technique confirms the closed-loop's global stability at the origin. Proofs of mathematical analysis and computer-based simulation results validate the theoretical findings, showing that the presented TENLC strategy converges the state error trajectories to zero in a short transient time with lessened fluctuations for all signals. The comparative computer-based simulation analysis confirms that the presented TENLC approach outperforms other synchronization control techniques.
Beyond simple T/V distinctions: Investigating Balti personal pronouns as markers of social distance, authority, and communal solidarity Mustafa, Muhammad; Ali, Zulfiqar; Essa, Dr. Muhammad
Journal of Language, Literature, Social and Cultural Studies Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): March 2026
Publisher : Yayasan Mitra Persada Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58881/jllscs.v4i1.431

Abstract

The study was aimed at examining the sociolinguistic role of the pronouns in the Balti language and how they are used to express power and solidarity relations within the Balti community in Baltistan. Using the theoretical framework of Brown and Gilman (1960), this qualitative study uses a purposive sampling technique, whereby it applied of semi-structured interviews and observation data collected among native speakers (Balti Poets). It is in the analysis of specific variants of pronouns, including formal and informal pronoun forms of "you" (e.g. Yaang and Khyang) that speakers strategically use to maneuver in social discourses. Results showed that the use of pronouns is regulated by the contextual factors such as age, social status, formality of the environment, and the type of relationship between these people. Formal pronouns indicate respect and power (authority) to elder ones and those in higher positions vice versa, the informal pronouns promote authority, intimacy and equality (solidarity) among equals and family members within discourses. The study highlighted that Balti pronouns play a pivotal role in shaping social identity and upholding the cultural rules of respect, integrity and strengthening social ties in the targeted situations. The study would be supportive for the researchers preserve the Balti language and further advance the sociolinguistic studies by illustrating the ever-changing nature of language and social structure in a distinctly unique settings accordingly.
Co-Authors Ahmad, Israr Essa, Dr. Muhammad Ghaffar, Abid Manickam, Geethalakshmi MUHAMMAD HARIS Mustafa, Muhammad Shafiq, Muhammad