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All Journal Jurnal Asy-Syari'ah PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada ADLIYA: Jurnal Hukum dan Kemanusiaan terAs Law Review: Jurnal Hukum Humaniter dan HAM Reformasi Hukum Trisakti
Sujatmoko, Andrey
Fakultas Hukum Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta
Religion Arts Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Other

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PERLINDUNGAN HAK ANAK DALAM KONFLIK BERSENJATA DI KONGO BERDASARKAN CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD 1989: Protection Of Children's Rights In Congo’s Armed Conflict Based On Convention On The Rights Of The Child 1989 Juwita Leovani; Andrey Sujatmoko
Reformasi Hukum Trisakti Vol 6 No 3 (2024): Reformasi Hukum Trisakti
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/refor.v6i3.21040

Abstract

The armed conflict, particularly in the Eastern Congo regions of North Kivu, South Kivu and Ituri, has led to many violations of children's rights. 14.9 million children have been most severely affected by this conflict. There are violations in terms of recruitment, use, detention, abduction, physical and sexual violence, attacks on schools and health facilities. The formulation of the problem of this article is what forms of violations of children's rights in the armed conflict that occurred in Congo based on the UNCRC 1989 and how efforts should be made by Congo in protecting children's rights based on the UNCRC 1989. This article uses normative research methods, descriptive-analytical in nature, drawing conclusions with deductive methods. The results of the research are the form of violations of children's rights committed by Congo, namely the right to survival, the right to protection, the right to growth and development and violating the principle of non-discrimination, the principle of state responsibility, the principle of the right to life and development to the fullest. The conclusion is that Congo should take the best measures to protect children's rights, especially in armed conflict, such as legislative, administrative, social and educational efforts to protect children's rights
TANGGUNG JAWAB NEGARA ATAS PELINDUNGAN OBJEK SIPIL PADA KONFLIK BERSENJATA BERDASARKAN PRINSIP PROPORSIONALITAS DALAM HUKUM HUMANITER INTERNASIONAL: STATE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE PROTECTION OF CIVILIAN OBJECTS IN ARMED CONFLICT BASED ON THE PROPORTIONALITY PRINCIPLE IN INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW Fitriliani, Yulia; Sujatmoko, Andrey
terAs Law Review : Jurnal Hukum Humaniter dan HAM Vol. 5 No. 1 (2023): Mei 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/teraslrev.v5i1.20609

Abstract

In IHL, there is the principle of proportionality, namely in the case of carrying out an attack, both the means and the method, the damage that will be suffered by the civilian population or civilian objects must be proportional in nature and not excessive in relation to the acquisition of real and direct military benefits that can be predicted as a result of the attack on military targets. But in reality, in an armed conflict, there must be many victims, both from those who participate and those who do not participate in the war, and cause damage to civilian objects, either intentionally or unintentionally. Therefore, the research problem is how the act of attacking civilian objects in armed conflict based on the principle of proportionality; and how the state's responsibility for the protection of civilian objects in armed conflict based on the principle of proportionality. The results of the research concluded that (1) During armed conflict, it is still necessary to fulfill the principles and provisions in IHL, one of which is the principle of proportionality based on Article 57 paragraph (2) (a) (i to iii) of Additional Protocol I, 1977. The party that will carry out the attack has the obligation to gather information in advance before and at the time of the attack in order to know that the target to be attacked is a military target, not a civilian object. Then take all precautions in choosing the means and methods of attack, so that the damage to be suffered by the civilian population or civilian objects is proportionate and not excessive in relation to the acquisition of real and direct military advantage; (2) In the event of an attack on civilian objects in armed conflict, the attacking state must be responsible for all internationally wrongful acts, which result in damage and loss. This is stipulated in ARSIWA 2001, Article 2. In IAC, the 1907 Hague Convention IV, Article 3; the 1949 Geneva Conventions, namely Article 51 of Geneva Convention I, Article 52 of Geneva Convention II, Article 131 of Geneva Convention III, and Article 148 of Geneva Convention IV, 1949; Additional Protocol I, 1977, Article 91 apply. In NIAC, Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions 1949 applies.
Pembatasan Hak Korban Tindak Pidana Terorisme di Indonesia: Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia Sujatmoko, Andrey
ADLIYA: Jurnal Hukum dan Kemanusiaan Vol 17, No 2 (2023): ADLIYA: JURNAL HUKUM DAN KEMANUSIAAN
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/adliya.v17i2.37150

Abstract

Every victim of terrorism is entitled to a remedy that the state must guarantee by law. However, Law No. 5/2018 on the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Terrorism limits victims of criminal acts of terrorism to three years since the enactment of the law to be able to apply for reparations. This will certainly harm those victims who have passed the three years, but have not submitted a request for reparations. This research aims to examine the position of the right to recovery for victims of terrorism in the context of international law and the compatibility between the limitation period and international law. This conceptual research uses qualitative methods, legal research, and is descriptive. The result shows that terrorism crime can be qualified as a gross violation of human rights. Therefore, the state must provide remedies to the victims affected by the law's enactment, namely to those victims of terrorism who lost the right to apply for remedy three years after the law's enactment. Then, it can also be concluded that the right to reparations for victims of terrorism is inherent to every victim and the restriction on the right to reparations for victims of terrorism by the law is contrary to the international human rights law norms. Setiap korban tindak pidana terorisme berhak atas pemulihan yang harus dijamin oleh negara secara hukum. Namun, UU No. 5/2018 tentang pemberantasan tindak pidana terorisme membatasi selama tiga tahun sejak berlakunya undang-undang tersebut bagi korban tindak pidana terorisme untuk dapat mengajukan pemulihan. Hal itu tentunya akan merugikan para korban tersebut yang setelah lewat waktu tiga tahun, tapi belum megajukan permohonan pemulihan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kedudukan hak atas pemulihan korban tindak pidana terorisme dalam konteks hukum internasional dan kesesuaian antara aturan pembatasan tersebut dengan aturan hukum internasional. Penelitian konseptual ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, penelitian hukum, dan bersifat deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tindak pidana terorisme dapat dikualifikasikan sebagai pelanggaran berat HAM. Oleh karena itu, negara wajib untuk melakukan pemulihan terhadap para korban yang terdampak dari berlakunya undang-undang itu, yaitu terhadap mereka para korban tindak pidana terorisme yang kehilangan hak untuk mengajukan pemulihan setelah tiga tahun sejak berlakunya undang-undang itu. Kemudian, dapat disimpulkan pula bahwa kedudukan hak atas pemulihan korban tindak pidana terorisme adalah bersifat melekat (inherent) pada setiap korbannya dan pembatasan terhadap hak atas pemulihan korban tindak pidana terorisme oleh undang-undang tersebut tidak sesuai dengan norma hukum HAM internasional.
Pembatasan Hak Korban Tindak Pidana Terorisme di Indonesia: Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia Sujatmoko, Andrey
ADLIYA: Jurnal Hukum dan Kemanusiaan Vol. 17 No. 2 (2023): ADLIYA: Jurnal Hukum dan Kemanusiaan
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/adliya.v17i2.37150

Abstract

Every victim of terrorism is entitled to a remedy that the state must guarantee by law. However, Law No. 5/2018 on the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Terrorism limits victims of criminal acts of terrorism to three years since the enactment of the law to be able to apply for reparations. This will certainly harm those victims who have passed the three years, but have not submitted a request for reparations. This research aims to examine the position of the right to recovery for victims of terrorism in the context of international law and the compatibility between the limitation period and international law. This conceptual research uses qualitative methods, legal research, and is descriptive. The result shows that terrorism crime can be qualified as a gross violation of human rights. Therefore, the state must provide remedies to the victims affected by the law's enactment, namely to those victims of terrorism who lost the right to apply for remedy three years after the law's enactment. Then, it can also be concluded that the right to reparations for victims of terrorism is inherent to every victim and the restriction on the right to reparations for victims of terrorism by the law is contrary to the international human rights law norms. Setiap korban tindak pidana terorisme berhak atas pemulihan yang harus dijamin oleh negara secara hukum. Namun, UU No. 5/2018 tentang pemberantasan tindak pidana terorisme membatasi selama tiga tahun sejak berlakunya undang-undang tersebut bagi korban tindak pidana terorisme untuk dapat mengajukan pemulihan. Hal itu tentunya akan merugikan para korban tersebut yang setelah lewat waktu tiga tahun, tapi belum megajukan permohonan pemulihan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kedudukan hak atas pemulihan korban tindak pidana terorisme dalam konteks hukum internasional dan kesesuaian antara aturan pembatasan tersebut dengan aturan hukum internasional. Penelitian konseptual ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, penelitian hukum, dan bersifat deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tindak pidana terorisme dapat dikualifikasikan sebagai pelanggaran berat HAM. Oleh karena itu, negara wajib untuk melakukan pemulihan terhadap para korban yang terdampak dari berlakunya undang-undang itu, yaitu terhadap mereka para korban tindak pidana terorisme yang kehilangan hak untuk mengajukan pemulihan setelah tiga tahun sejak berlakunya undang-undang itu. Kemudian, dapat disimpulkan pula bahwa kedudukan hak atas pemulihan korban tindak pidana terorisme adalah bersifat melekat (inherent) pada setiap korbannya dan pembatasan terhadap hak atas pemulihan korban tindak pidana terorisme oleh undang-undang tersebut tidak sesuai dengan norma hukum HAM internasional.
PEMULIHAN (REPARATIONS) KORBAN PELANGGARAN BERAT HAK ASASI MANUSIA DI ARGENTINA DAN CILE: Reparations for Victims of Gross Human Rights Violations in Argentina and Chile Sujatmoko, Andrey
Asy-Syari'ah Vol. 19 No. 2 (2017): Asy-Syariah
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law, Sunan Gunung Djati Islamic State University of Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/as.v19i2.4368

Abstract

AbstractReparation is an integral part of state responsibility for the past of gross human rights violations committed in any country and it is also legal obligation under international law. Those violations have ever committed in Argentina (1976-1983) and Chile (1973-1990) during the military dictatorship regime. The applied method in this study is descriptive-analytic with historical approach to the reparation efforts for the victims of the past gross human rights violations in those countries. The author concludes that the characteristic of the gross human rights violations committed in Argentina and Chile can be categorized as crime against humanity based on the Rome Statute 1998. Reparations programs by fullfiling economic and social rights of the victims of gross human rights violations have been done by both countries as well.  Keywords: Reparation, Victim, Violation AbstrakPemulihan adalah bagian integral dari tanggung jawab negara atas pelanggaran berat HAM masa lalu yang terjadi di dalam suatu negara dan hal itu juga merupakan kewajiban hukum menurut hukum internasional. Pelanggaran-pelanggaran tersebut pernah terjadi di Argentina (1976-1983) dan Chile (1973-1990) selama rezim diktator militer berkuasa. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah deskriptif analitis dengan pendekatan historis terhadap upaya upaya-upaya pemulihan terhadap para korban pelanggaran berat HAM masa lalu di kedua negara tersebut. Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa karakteristik pelanggaran berat HAM yang terjadi di Argentina dan Cile dapat dikategorikan sebagai kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan berdasarkan Statuta Roma 1998. Program-program pemulihan dengan memenuhi hak-hak ekonomi dan sosial dari para korban pelanggaran juga telah dilakukan oleh kedua negara itu. Kata Kunci: Pemulihan, Korban, Pelanggaran
IMPLEMENTASI KERJASAMA SISTER CITY BERDASARKAN VCLT 1969 (KASUS SISTER CITY KOTA BANDUNG DAN FORT WORTH): Implementation Of Sister City Cooperation Based On Vclt 1969 (Case Of Sister City In Bandung And Fort Worth) Denyssa Jasmine Ardiansyah Putri; Andrey Sujatmoko
Reformasi Hukum Trisakti Vol 7 No 2 (2025): Reformasi Hukum Trisakti
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/refor.v7i2.22786

Abstract

The practice of Sister City agreements is an agreement made by local governments between countries with the main purpose of improving friendly relations and providing benefits to the parties. The Sister City concept originated in the United States in 1956. Since 1990, Bandung City has been one of the leading cities in forming Sister City relationships, especially with Fort Worth City. Identification problem in this study is whether the implementation of the Sister City agreement between the Fort Worth City government and Bandung is in accordance with the principles of pacta sunt servanda and good faith. This research uses normative juridical research. This research uses a qualitative analysis approach by using library data that is analyzed in depth. The result research and conclusion is that the Sister City cooperation between the governments of Bandung and Fort Worth has been based on the commitment and principles of good faith and pacta sunt servanda based on the 1969 VCLT, this can be proven because for more than thirty years the two cities have consistently carried out this cooperation and felt many benefits from the cooperation.
UJI COBA NUKLIR OLEH PRANCIS DI ATMOSFER WILAYAH PASIFIK SELATAN: NUCLEAR TESTING CONDUCTED BY FRANCE OVER THE ATMOSPHERE OF THE SOUTH PACIFIC REGION Septianingsih, Alizanoor; Izni, Rifdah; Sujatmoko, Andrey
terAs Law Review : Jurnal Hukum Humaniter dan HAM Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024): Mei 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/m9jc2w69

Abstract

France was one of the countries that developed nuclear power as a source in 1970, and it was for this reason that France in 1973 proposed to conduct nuclear tests in the atmospheric region of the South Pacific. Later, the nuclear tests turned out to be risky, causing losses to countries in the Pacific and Oceania regions, especially Australia and New Zealand. The problems that will be researched are: what are the efforts made by Australia and New Zealand to prevent France from conducting nuclear tests in the South Pacific? The method used in this research is normative juridical, descriptive analytical, using secondary data, which includes primary and secondary legal materials obtained through literature studies, and data analysis is carried out qualitatively, and deductive conclusions are drawn. The conclusion obtained shows that the effort made by Australia, with the intervention of New Zealand, is to file a case against the French action to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to prevent France from conducting nuclear tests in the atmosphere of the South Pacific region, considering that nuclear testing is one of the things that is prohibited in offshore areas and also in the atmosphere.
PERLINDUNGAN ANAK DARI TINDAK KEKERASAN SEKSUAL DI INDONESIA BERDASARKAN UNCRC 1989: The Protection of Children from Sexual Violence in Indonesia Based on the UNCRC 1989 Tierza Prameswari Sudiono; Sujatmoko, Andrey
Reformasi Hukum Trisakti Vol 7 No 3 (2025): Reformasi Hukum Trisakti
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/refor.v7i3.23299

Abstract

Cases of sexual violence in Indonesia continue to increase every year, the victims are now no longer teenagers and adults, but also now include children. This can directly or indirectly endanger the health, survival, dignity and development of children. Meanwhile, Indonesia has ratified the UNCRC of 1989, which guarantees children's rights in the civil, political, economic, social, health, and cultural domains. The formulation of the problem of this article is how is the protection of child victims of sexual violence in Indonesia based on the UNCRC 1989. This article uses normative research methods, is descriptive analytical, deductive inference, and is a literature study. The results and conclusion of the research are the forms of protection of child victims of sexual violence, among others, through legal instruments, implemented by a number of state institutions LPSK, Komnas Anak, and PPPA. The UNCRC 1989 in principle regulates the right to life, the right to health, the right to education, and the right to growth and development of children requiring the Indonesian state to take the necessary steps to protect children from all forms of sexual violence.
PRAKTIK PENJUALAN PENGANTIN ANAK DI AFGANISTAN MENURUT PROTOKOL OPSIONAL KONVENSI HAK-HAK ANAK Elya Almadinatulmunawaroh; Andrey Sujatmoko
Reformasi Hukum Trisakti Vol 5 No 1 (2023): Reformasi Hukum Trisakti
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/refor.v5i1.15218

Abstract

Children as a vulnerable group have the right to receive protection by the state, one of which is Afghanistan. In Afghanistan there have been several cases of selling exploitative children. The formulation of the problem in this research is how the efforts have been made by the Afghan government in dealing with the practice of selling child brides in Afghanistan according to the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The research method used in this study is normative juridical and descriptive-analytical in nature, the source of which is secondary data which is analyzed qualitatively, and conclusions are drawn using deductive methods. The conclusion in this study is that the act of selling child brides in Afghanistan is a practice of selling children which is prohibited according to the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child regarding the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography. The efforts that have been made by the Afghan government have ratified the relevant legal provisions, but law enforcement against a number of cases of selling child brides is still not firm and has not been carried out in accordance with applicable law.
PEMENUHAN HAK KORBAN TINDAK PIDANA TERORISME BERDASARKAN UN BASIC PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES 2005 Zeruya Hosiana; Andrey Sujatmoko
Reformasi Hukum Trisakti Vol 5 No 4 (2023): Reformasi Hukum Trisakti
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/refor.v5i4.18352

Abstract

This study discusses the fulfillment of the rights of victims of terrorism criminal acts based on the UN Basic Principles and Guidelines 2005 regarding the case of KKB Papua against health workers on Kiwirok District, Papua in 2021. There are two main issues, they are whether victims of terrorism criminal acts have the right to obtain remedy based on the UN Basic Principles and Guidelines 2005, and how to implement the restoration of the rights of health workers as victims of terrorism criminal acts by KKB Papua in 2021 based on Law Number 31 of 2014 concerning Protection of Witnesses and Victims. The type of research used is normative with data processing carried out qualitatively in the form of descriptive analysis. The data source used is secondary data and conclusions are drawn deductively. Based on the results of the analysis, victims of criminal acts of terrorism have the right to receive remedy according to the UN Basic Principles and Guidelines 2005 based on Part III of the UN Basic Principles and Guidelines 2005. In practice, implementing the remedy of the rights of health workers as victims of criminal acts of terrorism by the Papua KKB in 2021 according to Law Number 31 of 2014 concerning Protection of Witnesses and Victims is not appropriate because the health workers and their families have not received compensation.
Co-Authors Biolanda Latifa Denyssa Jasmine Ardiansyah Putri Elya Almadinatulmunawaroh Elya Almadinatulmunawaroh Izni, Rifdah Juwita Leovani Leila Luvena Ambalistiarini Roeslan ADL M. Reza Syariffudin Zaki Septianingsih, Alizanoor Tierza Prameswari Sudiono Yulia Fitriliani, Yulia Zeruya Hosiana