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All Journal Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences (MCBS) Asian Journal of Agriculture
Rahmawati, Nur Anindya
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience

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Bioactive Compounds from Penicillium sp. Inhibit Antiapoptotic Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and Mcl-1: An in silico Study Massardi, Adhie; Bahry, Sandy Samsul; Rahmawati, Nur Anindya; Shabirah, Carissa Azmi; Pangastuti, Artini
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 7, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21705/mcbs.v7i2.330

Abstract

Background: Antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins are overexpressed in cancer cells, leading to inhibition of apoptosis and the development of therapeutic resistance. Targeting only one type of antiapoptotic protein may have limited efficacy in cancer therapy. Anticancer drugs capable of inhibiting Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and Mcl-1 simultaneously are necessary to be explored. Penicillium sp. produces various bioactive compounds with anticancer, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. The aim of this research was to determine the best bioactive compound candidates for inhibiting Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and Mcl-1 proteins.Materials and methods: Molecular docking analysis was conducted to estimate the binding affinity of Penicillium sp. bioactive compounds with Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and Mcl-1 proteins. Compounds with the lowest binding energies were visualized using PyMol and Ligplot+ and further subjected to drug-likeness testing based on Lipinski's rule of five.Results: Bioactive compounds with the highest binding affinities were verruculogen and wortmannin. Wortmannin complied with Lipinski's rule of five. Meanwhile, verruculogen violated one out of the five rules by having a molecular weight >500 Da. Both compounds could be used as oral drugs.Conclusion: Verruculogen and wortmannin from Penicillium sp. show significant potential as oral anticancer drug candidates.Keywords: Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Mcl-1, Penicillium sp., in silico
Effects of TiO₂ nano-priming and field capacity levels on germination and growth of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens) RAHMAWATI, NUR ANINDYA; SOLICHATUN, SOLICHATUN; PITOYO, ARI
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100100

Abstract

Abstract. Rahmawati NA, Solichatun, Pitoyo A. 2026. Effects of TiO₂ nano-priming and field capacity levels on germination and growth of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens). Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100112. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100112. Capsicum frutescens is a vital crop in Indonesia but suffers from seasonal yield instability due to water stress. This study explored nano-priming with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂NPs) to improve seedling resilience. The experiment was conducted in two stages. In the germination stage, four TiO₂NP concentrations (0%, 2%, 4%, and 8%) were tested on seed germination using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). In the growth stage, seedlings were subjected to a 4 × 3 factorial CRD combining the same TiO₂NP concentrations with three levels of water availability (100%, 75%, and 50% field capacity), with three replicated. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (p < 0.05). During germination, nano-priming with 4% TiO₂NP accelareted germination rate (5.3 days) and enhanced sprout length (6.68 cm), whereas the control exhibited slower germination (9.03 days) and shorter sprouts (2.60 cm). In the subsequent growth phase, TiO₂NPs significantly influenced seedling height, shoot-to-root ratio, and proline content. The tallest seedling was observed at 8% TiO₂NP, particularly under 75% field capacity. In contrast, optimal shoot-to-root ratio and elevated proline accumulation were associated with 2% TiO₂NP under 100% and 75% field capacity, respectively. These finding demonstrated that TiO2NP nano-priming exerts stage-dependent effects, with distinct concentrations optimizing germination performance and drought-related physiological responses during early seedling growth, highlighting its potential as a scalable approach for improving C. frutescens cultivation under water-limited conditions.
Co-Authors ARTINI PANGASTUTI Bahry, Sandy Samsul Massardi, Adhie Pitoyo, Ari Shabirah, Carissa Azmi SOLICHATUN SOLICHATUN