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All Journal Litera Langkawi: Journal of The Association for Arabic and English Voices of English Language Education Society
Sinaga, Yohanes Septian
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Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media

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Self-efficacy in four language skills of Indonesian L2 learners of English: A comparative survey study Sinaga, Yohanes Septian; Subekti, Adaninggar Septi
LITERA Vol. 24 No. 1: LITERA (MARCH 2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Languages, Arts, and Culture Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/ltr.v24i1.77904

Abstract

The self-efficacy (SE) of second or foreign language (L2) learners, or their belief in their ability to successfully carry out language tasks, can affect their communication behaviours and learning outcomes. This study seeks to explore L2 learners’ SE levels in listening, reading, writing, and speaking, and to determine whether there are significant differences in SE across these four skills. A survey method was used, involving 144 Indonesian L2 learners from non-English departments. The survey included Likert-scale items measuring SE in the four language skills. Descriptive statistics revealed that learners had moderate-to-high SE in reading, listening, and writing, while reporting a higher level of SE in speaking. The mean scores range from 3.2 to 4.6 on a 1-5 scale. Paired-sample t-tests showed that speaking SE was significantly greater than that of reading, listening, and writing, whilst no significant differences were found among the SE of the latter three skills. Based on these findings, it is recommended that teachers promote more balanced development across all four language skills in integrated-skill classes where teachers build learners’ confidence in skills they feel less capable of. Potential contributions include mapping learners’ perceived strengths and weaknesses in L2 learning.
Instrumental Motivation and Self-Efficacy of Indonesian L2 Learners of English: Does Gender Play a Role? Subekti, Adaninggar Septi; Sinaga, Yohanes Septian
VELES Voices of English Language Education Society Vol 8 No 2 (2024): August 2024
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/veles.v8i2.24793

Abstract

Extensive research on second and foreign language learning suggests that gender can significantly influence language acquisition. While some studies indicate that female learners often outperform males in language tasks, the evidence is inconsistent, and findings may vary depending on the learning context. This highlights the need to explore further how gender interacts with other factors, such as motivation and self-efficacy, in shaping L2 learning outcomes. This study explores how gender affects learners' instrumental motivation and self-efficacy in learning English as a second language. A total of 144 L2 learners from non-English departments at a private university in Java, Indonesia, participated in this research, which utilized a survey design. Paper-based questionnaires were distributed to participants, who were recruited through convenience sampling. The findings revealed that female learners reported slightly higher levels of instrumental motivation (Mean female = 43.40) than male learners (Mean score-male = 42.78). However, the difference was not statistically significant, t= .86, p = .15. In terms of self-efficacy, male learners demonstrated marginally higher levels (Mean score-male = 47.71) than females (Mean score-female = 46.32), but again, this difference was not statistically significant, t= -1.48, p = .14. These findings suggest that, while gender differences in motivation and self-efficacy are often highlighted in L2 research, their impact may vary based on specific learning contexts. Further research is needed, incorporating additional learner variables, to clarify the complex relationship between gender and L2 learning outcomes.
Interaction Between Self-Efficacy and Instrumental Motivation among Indonesian L2 Learners of English Sinaga, Yohanes Septian; Subekti, Adaninggar Septi
Langkawi: Journal of The Association for Arabic and English Vol 10, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Kendari

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31332/lkw.v0i0.7828

Abstract

The present study intended to investigate second/foreign language (L2) learners’ level of instrumental motivation and the extent to which it predicted their self-efficacy. A survey method was used. It involved 144 Indonesian L2 learners of English from seven non-English departments through a convenience sampling. Through descriptive statistics, this study found that the instrumental motivation associated with future professions, academic success, and practical reasons were all high. Through bivariate linear regression, the study also found that learners’ instrumental motivation significantly predicted their self-efficacy, being able to explain 22.2% of its total variance. Implications include promoting in L2 instruction meaningful and relevant real-world tasks for learners whose majors are not English so that they are willing to invest more time and effort for L2 learning success and gradually build their self-efficacy. Examples of activities include using English for job opportunities, passing exams, or meeting language requirements. For classes with learners from various disciplines, teachers could also allow some freedom in choosing topics or tasks. This study might provide an overview of the relationship between instrumental motivation and self-efficacy, serving as a foundation for future research in this area. Limitations are stated alongside the suggested directions for relevant future studies in the field of instrumental motivation and self-efficacy.
Co-Authors Adaninggar Septi Subekti