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All Journal Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi)
Santosh, Arvind Babu Rajendra
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Dentistry

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Single nucleotide polymorphisms: A paradigm in oral disease research Ummer, Hiba; Santosh, Arvind Babu Rajendra; Surboyo, Meircurius Dwi Condro; Chitipothu, Mani Deepthi; Sivanandham, Shamala
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 57 No. 3 (2024): September
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v57.i3.p234-240

Abstract

Background: A higher occurrence of oral cancer is observed in South Asian and Southeast Asian countries when compared with other countries in the world. Cancer, a disease with complex pathophysiology, has been linked to chronic inflammation. Inflammation has been considered an important component of tumor initiation and progression. This is supported by the fact that many cancers arise at the sites of chronic inflammation, but the exact mechanism by which inflammation influences cancer is unknown. Purpose: This review article correlates single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), chronic inflammation, and oral cancer. The article emphasizes the critical role that SNPs play in oral cancer susceptibility, progression, and prognosis. This involves discussing the impact of specific SNPs on oral cancer risk and patient outcomes. Review: Gene polymorphism has been documented in the molecular pathogenesis of various cancers, including oral cancer, and SNPs are the most common form of gene polymorphism. Genetic variation has been documented in the molecular pathogenesis of various cancers, including oral cancer, and SNPs are the most common form of gene polymorphism. SNPs have been documented in inflammatory conditions as well as in various diseases. Conclusion: SNPs have phenotypic consequences and therefore can serve as genetic fingerprints. The upregulation or downregulation of genes is able to drive oral carcinogenesis.
Validation of the Jamaican version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) in adults: JAM-OHIP study Brown, Michelle Antonette; Thomas, Biney; de Souza, Juliana Sena; Soares Rech, Rafaela; Santosh, Arvind Babu Rajendra; Baumgarten, Alexandre; Campbell-Blagrove, Susanna
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 57 No. 4 (2024): December
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v57.i4.p286-291

Abstract

Background: The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) is a widely used tool for measuring the effects of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). However, the validity of the OHIP-14 in the Jamaican context, referred to as the Jamaican Oral Health Impact Profile (JAM-OHIP), has yet to be established. Purpose: To determine the validity of the Jamaican language version of the OHIP in evaluating the OHRQoL of Jamaican adults. Methods: The original English version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) was translated into the Jamaican language using forward and backward translation. The JAM-OHIP was used to evaluate the OHRQoL of 236 individuals at the University of the West Indies Dental Polyclinic. The overall fit was checked using a chi-square test (p > 0.05), comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker–Lewis index (TLI), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR). Results: More DMFT (p < 0.01) was associated with high JAM-OHIP scores, and the most impacted domain was physical pain. Cronbach’s alpha and the standardized item alpha for the JAM-OHIP were 0.82. The overall fitting results for the CFA were χ²(68) = 80.558, p = 0.142, and χ²/g.l. = 1.185. The CFI and TLI were 0.996 and 0.994, respectively. The SRMR was 0.072 and the RMSEA was 0.028 (CI95% = [0.000; 0.050]) p = 0.953. Conclusions: The JAM-OHIP instrument was shown to be reliable and valid for the assessment of OHRQoL in the Jamaican adult population.
Oral field cancerization: Genetic profiling for a prevention strategy for oral potentially malignant disorders Puspasari, Karlina; Pasaribu, Togu Andrie Simon; Surboyo, Meircurius Dwi Condro; Ayuningtyas, Nurina Febriyanti; Santosh, Arvind Babu Rajendra; Ernawati, Diah Savitri
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 56 No. 3 (2023): September
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v56.i3.p189-196

Abstract

Background: Oral cancer therapy, such as radiation or surgical treatment, has pernicious long-term effects that patients suffer throughout their life, the disability being considerable with delayed diagnosis. It is well known that many oral cancers develop from oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Patients diagnosed with OPMDs may have an increased risk of developing cancer anywhere in the oral cavity. Early detection and intervention could be essential prevention strategies to inhibit oral cancer progression. OPMDs may not immediately develop into carcinoma. However, this condition provides a "field” of specific abnormalities wherein evolving altered genetic cells can be explained with the "field cancerization” concept. Purpose: This review aims to describe the "field cancerization” concept in oral cancer and OPMD, which is expected to contribute to a better clinical management strategy for oral cancer prevention. Review: "Oral field cancerization” describes oral cancers that develop in multifocal areas of pre-cancerous changes. It can be found as histologically abnormal tissue surrounding the tumor, suggesting that oral cancer often consists of multiple independent lesions. Conclusion: The oral field cancerization concept should prompt healthcare professionals to remind their patients that frequent oral examination with histological studies and molecular testing is mandatory for those at high risk of developing malignancies.
Review of salivary antioxidants and their barriers Nelson, Ashlianne; Santosh, Arvind Babu Rajendra; Jones, Thaon
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 57 No. 2 (2024): June
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v57.i2.p74-79

Abstract

Background: Oxidative stress results from the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular antioxidant defenses. Oxidative stress can cause damage to cellular structures such as cell membranes, lipids, proteins, lipoproteins, and deoxyribonucleic acids when free radicals are present in excess. Antioxidant mechanisms protect tissues against oxidative stress by decreasing free radical levels in cells through the inhibition of activities or expression of free radical-generating enzymes. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the role of antioxidants in protecting cells from the harmful effects of ROS, particularly in the context of oral mucosa, and to clarify which molecules disrupt the pathway of these antioxidants. Review: Salivary peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase are enzymatic salivary antioxidants, and uric acid, reduced glutathione, albumin, and lactoferrin are non-enzymatic antioxidants. Both types of antioxidants regularly donate an electron to free radicals to reduce their levels in cells. Conclusion: Antioxidant activities may be disrupted by signaling mechanisms resulting from barrier regulations observed in tissue. The increased expression of malondialdehyde is an indicator of disrupted antioxidant barriers.
Co-Authors Baumgarten, Alexandre Brown, Michelle Antonette Campbell-Blagrove, Susanna Chitipothu, Mani Deepthi de Souza, Juliana Sena Diah Savitri Ernawati Jones, Thaon Nelson, Ashlianne Nurina Febriyanti Ayuningtyas Pasaribu, Togu Andrie Simon Puspasari, Karlina Sivanandham, Shamala Soares Rech, Rafaela Surboyo, Meircurius Dwi Condro Thomas, Biney Ummer, Hiba