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PID Control for Balancing Bike Model using Reaction Wheel Tran, Thi-Ngoc-Tram; Ho, Thanh-Viet; Nguyen, Huu-Loi; Le, Ngoc-Nam; Tran, Van-Phuc; Tran, Quoc-Bao; Mai, Pham-Phuong; Pham, Ngoc-Duy; Bui, Tien-Phat; Le, Thi-Hong-Lam
Journal of Fuzzy Systems and Control Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Vol. 2, No. 2, 2024
Publisher : Peneliti Teknologi Teknik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59247/jfsc.v2i2.188

Abstract

Motorcycles or bicycles are known as unbalanced systems like the inverted pendulum model. Normally, we must use a handlebar to control the Motorcycles or bicycles. In this paper, the authors propose a PID controller for a balance bike using a reaction wheel. The authors formulated a mathematical model for the system and performed simulation testing using MATLAB to control it. Also, the simulation model of the balance bike system using a reaction wheel has been developed to assess the feasibility of building and controlling the system without relying on its mathematical model. The study will explicitly provide the performance of the PID algorithm in controlling a balanced bike using a reaction wheel.
Development of an Automated PCB Inspection, Error Statistics, and Classification System Phan, Truong-Nguyen; Tran, Thi-Ngoc-Tram; Ho, Thanh-Viet; Nguyen, Binh-Hau; Hoang, Minh-Tri; Tran, Hai-Nam; Nguyen, Nhat-Nam; Tran, Nguyen-Cong-Anh; Do, Le-Huu-Tri; Nguyen, Thi-Ngoc-Thao; Tran, Nam-Long; Nguyen, Duong-Thuan; Le, Van-Huy; Nguyen, Van-Tuan; Pham, Huynh-Anh-Tuan
Journal of Fuzzy Systems and Control Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Peneliti Teknologi Teknik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59247/jfsc.v4i1.353

Abstract

In the electronics manufacturing industry, Printed Circuit Boards are critical to electronic devices, and their quality directly affects product performance and reliability. Common assembly defects, such as missing components, misalignment, or wrong parts, must be detected promptly to reduce waste and maintain reputation. In Vietnam, PCB inspection is largely manual, limiting speed, accuracy, and consistency. The system integrates a YOLOv5-based machine vision module for detecting missing and misaligned components, a Siemens S7-1200 PLC for controlling an XY gantry and conveyor system, and a web interface for real-time monitoring. The primary contributions include: a fully integrated cyber-physical prototype suitable for educational and small-scale industrial use; a novel method for component misalignment detection using fiducial-based relative positioning; and seamless communication between vision, control, and HMI modules. Experimental results on two common PCB types, L298N and ULN2003, demonstrate a classification and error detection accuracy of up to 93%. The system achieves a throughput suitable for laboratory and small-batch production, with a positioning accuracy of ±0.5 mm. The system aims to achieve high accuracy, fast processing, and practical applicability in production lines.