Rahmila, Septa
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Risiko psikososial pada tenaga kesehatan di rumah sakit: A literature review Rahmila, Septa; Denny, Hanifa Maher; Dewi, Endah Kumala
Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan Vol. 18 No. 4 (2024): Volume 18 Nomor 4
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/hjk.v18i4.408

Abstract

Background: Medical personnel who are at the forefront of treating patients generally work optimally and without stopping. The unlimited number of overtime hours and the condition of health workers having to be on standby when needed as well as the erratic workload result in psychosocial risks for health workers. Purpose: To determine the psychosocial risks that occur among health workers in hospital. Method: Systematic literature review research uses the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, Context (PICOC) approach. Literature search with the keywords "psychosocial AND health workforce AND psychosocial risk". Identifying 1.006 articles were then filtered according to the topic of discussion to obtain 11 articles related to psychosocial risks to health workers in hospitals. Results: Based on the 11 articles studied, it shows that an ethical culture and low appreciation, monotonous work routines, and transparency of the managerial structure implemented by leaders are factors in increasing self-motivation. The lower the ethical culture, the lower the level of motivation of medical personnel. High emotional pressure with a continuous work system will cause symptoms of depression, resulting in mental damage to health workers. Conclusion: Psychosocial risks that occur in health workers in hospitals include an ethical culture and low rewards, high emotional demands, mental damage, low job control, organizational change management, monotonous work routines, family conflicts, socio-economic status, and risk medical personnel are infected. Suggestion: There needs to be a high ethical culture to build the motivation of health workers to be enthusiastic in serving patients and adjust rewards to work results.   Keywords: Health Worker; Hospital; Psychosocial.   Pendahuluan: Pekerja medis yang menjadi garda terdepan dalam menangani pasien, umumnya bekerja secara maksimal dan tanpa henti. Jumlah lembur yang tidak terbatas dan kondisi tenaga kesehatan yang harus siap siaga apabila diperlukan serta jumlah beban kerja yang tidak menentu mengakibatkan terdapatnya risiko psikososial pada pekerja medis. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui risiko psikososial yang terjadi pada tenaga kesehatan di lingkup rumah sakit. Metode: Penelitian sistematik literature review menggunakan pendekatan Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, Context (PICOC). Penelusuran literatur dengan kata kunci “psikososial AND tenaga kerja kesehatan AND risiko psikososial”. Mengidentifikasi 1.006 artikel selanjutnya dilakukan penyaringan yang sesuai dengan topik bahasan mendapatkan sebanyak 11 artikel yang terkait mengenai risiko psikososial pada tenaga kesehatan di rumah sakit. Hasil: Berdasarkan 11 artikel yang dikaji menunjukkan bahwa, budaya etis dan imbalan yang rendah, rutinitas pekerjaan yang monoton, dan transparansi struktur manajerial oleh pimpinan adalah faktor dalam peningkatan motivasi diri. Semakin rendah budaya etis yang terjadi, maka semakin rendah tingkat motivasi tenaga medis. Tekanan emosional yang tinggi dengan sistem kerja yang terus menerus akan menimbulkan gejala depresi, sehingga mengakibatkan adanya kejadian kerusakan mental pada pekerja kesehatan. Simpulan: Risiko psikososial yang terjadi pada tenaga kesehatan di rumah sakit yang meliputi budaya etis dan imbalan yang rendah, tuntutan emosional yang tinggi, kerusakan mental, kontrol pekerjaan yang rendah, manajemen perubahan organisasi, rutinitas kerja yang monoton, konflik keluarga, status sosial ekonomi, dan risiko tenaga medis terinfeksi. Saran: Perlu adanya budaya etis yang tinggi untuk membangun motivasi tenaga kesehatan agar semangat dalam melayani pasien dan penyesuaian reward terhadap hasil kerja.   Kata Kunci: Psikososial; Rumah Sakit; Tenaga Kesehatan.
Factors influencing perception of psychosocial risk among health workers at roemani muhammadiyah hospital Rahmila, Septa; Denny, Hanifa Maher; Dewi, Endah Kumala
Jurnal Konseling dan Pendidikan Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025): JKP
Publisher : Indonesian Institute for Counseling, Education and Therapy (IICET)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29210/1139500

Abstract

Psychosocial risks in hospitals affect health workers mental and emotional well-being. These risks include violence, conflict, harassment, bullying from staff, patients, or visitors, and stress caused by shift work, excessive workload, monotony, and high job demands. Such risks can negatively impact health, productivity, and work efficiency. This study aims to analyze the most influential variables between interpersonal communication, working time and workload on the perception of psychosocial risk among health workers at Roemani Muhammadiyah Hospital, Semarang City. This research method is quantitative with a cross sectional design. The sampling technique used proportional stratified random sampling with a total sample of 82 health workers. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability.  The variables studied in this study include level of education, age, length of service, interpersonal communication, personal experience, working time, and workload. The data was processed and analyzed descriptively, as well as hypothesis testing using the chi-square test to see what variables were related to health workers psychosocial risk perceptions and logistic regression analysis to see which variables had the most influence on health workers psychosocial risk perceptions. The research results showed that the majority of respondents had a DIII education, most were adults, namely 22-44 years and most of the respondents had worked for more than 10 years. Variables that are related (p-value < 0.05) to the perception of psychosocial risk among health workers at Roemani Muhammadiyah Hospital, Semarang City are interpersonal communication, personal experience, workload and working time. The variable that has the greatest influence on the perception of psychosocial risk among health workers at Roemani Muhammadiyah Hospital, Semarang City is the interpersonal communication variable which has an odds ratio (OR) of 17.883, which means that health workers who have good interpersonal communication are 17.883 times more likely to perceive positive psychosocial risk than respondents who have poor interpersonal communication.