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Pharmacokinetics Profile of Chitosan Nanoparticles in Chronic Lead-induced Toxicity Rats Model Marianti, Aditya; Amalina, Nur Dina; Mursiti, Sri; Sitompul, Faya Nuralda; Futri, Shafira Septiana; Negara, Legendra Gantar; Sholehah, Intan Kharyna; Asmorowati, Dian Sri; Astari, Putri Dyah
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 16 No. 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v15i1.1857

Abstract

Chronic lead exposure induces ROS accumulation which causes physiological disorders. Chelation therapy has been widely used to overcome lead poisoning since it exerts only a few side effects. Nano chitosan prevents lead poisoning by inhibiting ROS. This study examined the pharmacokinetics of nano chitosan in chronic lead-induced toxicity animal models and the mechanism of action pathway using the bioinformatic approach, The area under the curve was estimated to be 12110.13 ± 7709.37 μg/mL hours using the pharmacokinetic model, and the Cmax was 82.34 ± 5.64 μg/mL. The Tmax and t½ calculations were 22.68 ± 11.67 and 80.47 ± 60.58 hours respectively. Chitosan nanoparticles regulated VEGFA, FGF2, and LGALS3 which plausibly played a substantial role in chronic lead exposure. However, chitosan is not suitable for oral administration due to its low gastrointestinal solubility. These characteristics make chitosan nanoparticles have the prospect of being developed as a supplement so that they can contribute to overcoming the negative impacts of chronic lead poisoning.
SPIROWPLAST (Spirulina and arrowroot bioplastic): A combination of Spirulina and arrowroot to enhance the tensile strength and durability of bioplastic Ichlasia, Amira Liontina; Adelia, Zameera; Damayanti, Roosita; Astari, Putri Dyah; Pratama, Wahyu Disky; Khoironi, Adian
Journal of Emerging Science and Engineering Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : BIORE Scientia Academy

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/jese.2026.e62

Abstract

Plastic waste that is resistant to natural degradation remains a critical environmental challenge. One promising strategy to address this issue is the development of bioplastics derived from renewable, biodegradable resources. This study investigates the potential of combining Spirulina platensis and arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) flour to produce bioplastics with improved mechanical, chemical, and biodegradation performance. An experimental approach was employed using four formulations: bioplastics derived solely from S. platensis, solely from arrowroot flour, a composite of S. platensis and arrowroot flour, and a commercial bioplastic (ecoplast) as a positive control. Comprehensive characterization was conducted using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), tensile strength, thickness measurement, and biodegradation tests in accordance with ASTM standards. The results demonstrate that the combined Spirulina–arrowroot formulation exhibits more balanced and superior properties compared to single-component bioplastics. The composite bioplastic achieved a tensile strength of 4.267 MPa and an elongation at break of 105.5%, approaching the performance of commercial bioplastic. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of key functional groups, including hydroxyl (–OH), carboxyl (–COOH), ester (C–O), and aromatic structures, indicating effective polymer network formation. SEM observations revealed a smoother and denser surface morphology, while XRD analysis indicated a semi-crystalline structure with a crystallinity of 49.6%. All bioplastic samples fully decomposed in composted soil within three days, highlighting their excellent biodegradability. Overall, the combination of Spirulina platensis and arrowroot flour effectively compensates for the limitations of each individual material, yielding a strong, flexible, and rapidly degradable bioplastic. These findings suggest a viable and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional plastics and provide a foundation for the future development of large-scale bioplastic products with properties comparable to commercial materials.