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All Journal International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS) International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS) Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Journal of Accounting Research, Utility Finance and Digital Assets (JARUDA)
Shabir Ahmad Lone
Annamalai University
Religion Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Social Sciences Other

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PATRONAGE OF LEARNING AND THE ARTS IN MEDIEVAL KASHMIR: SULTAN ZAIN-UL-ABIDIN AND THE CULTURAL RENAISSANCE OF THE VALLEY Shabir Ahmad Lone
Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025): December
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59733/jishup.v3i4.168

Abstract

Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin (1420–1470 A.D.), popularly known as Budshah, is regarded as the most enlightened ruler of the Kashmir Sultanate. His long reign marked a decisive phase in the political stability, cultural florescence, and socio-economic development of medieval Kashmir. This study examines the multidimensional contributions of Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin, focusing on his administrative efficiency, public works, educational reforms, patronage of arts and crafts, and policy of religious tolerance. Drawing upon Persian chronicles such as Rajatarangini Dvitiya by Jonaraja and Rajatarangini Tritiya by Srivara, the paper situates his governance within both historical documentation and popular memory. The Sultan adopted a welfare-oriented approach to governance by initiating extensive public works, including irrigation canals, bridges across the Jhelum River, artificial islands in Dal Lake, hospitals, dispensaries, caravanserais, and planned urban centres like Zainapura. These measures significantly strengthened agriculture, trade, and public welfare. His commitment to education was equally remarkable; he established schools, colleges, hostels, and a royal library, sponsored translations of classical Sanskrit texts into Persian, and encouraged learning across social groups. Under his patronage, Kashmir emerged as a major centre of scholarship, attracting scholars, poets, and intellectuals from Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent. Zain-ul-Abidin also played a pivotal role in reviving and institutionalising arts and crafts such as carpet weaving, shawl making, papier-machie, wood carving, metalwork, papermaking, and bookbinding, laying the foundation of Kashmir’s renowned handicraft tradition. His religious policy, marked by tolerance and inclusivity, abolished discriminatory practices against non-Muslims and fostered interfaith harmony, contributing to the evolution of Kashmiriyat. Despite facing natural calamities and internal political challenges, his reign remained a model of benevolent and just kingship, the legacy of which continues to inspire Kashmiri society.
UNVEILING SHADOWS: A COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN INDIA AND METHODOLOGICAL CHALLENGES IN RESEARCH Shabir Ahmad Lone; Irshad Ahmad Reshi; Shamweel Iqbal Dar; Nadeem Akhtar4; Mohammad Ishaq Lone
Journal of Accounting Research, Utility Finance and Digital Assets Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): January
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/jaruda.v3i3.206

Abstract

This research article delves into the persistent challenge of violence against women in India, examining its various forms and societal implications. It scrutinizes the ambiguity in defining such violence and the subsequent methodological challenges in research, particularly addressing the sensitive nature of the subject. The study highlights the complex interplay of factors contributing to increased reports of sexual violence against women, including patriarchy, education, and disparities in gendered power dynamics. Despite societal changes, the normalization of violence complicates the assessment of actual increases. The paper underscores the multifaceted nature of the issue, influenced by contextual factors, intermediate factors, and societal effects. The research proposes that attempts have been made to eliminate domestic violence, yet some programs demonstrate less success. The analysis emphasizes the interconnectedness of sexual harassment with broader economic, political, and cultural contexts. Despite women's increased confidence, the reluctance to report violence persists, attributed to the normalization of such incidents. The conclusion advocates for improved legislation to address the pervasive issue effectively. The research encounters challenges in defining violence and underlines the need for enhanced research efforts to better understand gender violence and design effective interventions.
Co-Authors Alemayehu Erkihun Engida B. Sheela Dr. E. Ravi E. Kaviyarasu Eugenia Vanina Indira P Suryavanshi Irshad Ahmad Reshi Javad Ahmad Mir Javad Ahmad Mir Kulatunga Mudiyanselage Rohitha Dasanayaka Mohammad Ishaq Lone Mohammad Ishaq Lone Mohammad Ishaq Lone Nadeem Akhtar4 R. Abida Begum R. Abida Begum Rawnaq Ara Parvin Rifat Shabir S. Navaneethakrishnan S. Nazeemunnisa Begum Shamweel Iqbal Dar V.Thirumurugan