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All Journal Jurnal Biologi Tropis
Ivonne M. S. Panjaitan
Universitas Advent Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology

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Comparison of Effectiveness of Clove Flower, Cinnamon Bark, and Star Anise Extract on the Growth of Escherichia coli Bacteria Marpaung, Joy Mart; Panjaitan, Ivonne M. S.; Tobing, Joshua H. L.
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 24 No. 4 (2024): Oktober - Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v24i4.8068

Abstract

Bacterial infections produce diseases such as Escherichia coli diarrhea, which is a big issue in developing countries. Clove flower (Syzygium aromaticum), Cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum verum), and Star anise (Illicium verum) contain active ingredients such as alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, glycosides, and volatile oils which have potential as antibacterial. This study aims to analyze the difference in the inhibition zone of the extracts of the three plants extracted with 96% ethanol solvent against Escherichia coli using the disc diffusion method with extract concentrations of 15%, 20%, and 25%, and compare them with thiamphenicol as a positive control with the same concentration. The results show that the extracts have antibacterial activity that increases with the increase in concentration, where 25% concentration give the largest zone of inhibition. The clove extract has the highest inhibition, followed by cinnamon and star anise, although thiamphenicol remained the most effective. These findings confirm the significant antibacterial potential of all three extracts with α = 0,000.
Antibacterial Effectiveness Test of Roselle Flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Ethanol Extract Against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Propionibacterium acnes Bacteria Nababan, Febryanti; Panjaitan, Ivonne M. S.; Ricky, Donn Richard
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 1 (2025): Januari - Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i1.8765

Abstract

Bacterial infections are a growing global health challenge, especially with the increasing cases of antibiotic resistance. This study used a true experimental method with a posttest-only control group design to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of roselle flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) ethanol extract against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Propionibacterium acnes. The maceration method was used to extract the roselle flowers using 70% ethanol as the solvent, and the disc diffusion method was used to test for antibacterial activity at extract concentrations of 30%, 40%, and 50%, using the antibiotic chloramphenicol as a positive control. The results showed that the roselle flower ethanol extract exhibited antibacterial activity against all three test bacteria. The highest inhibition zone against E. coli was found at 50% concentration (9.87 mm), classified as moderate. For S. aureus, the 50% concentration produced the highest inhibition zone (18.13 mm) with strong classification, while 30% and 40% concentrations also demonstrated strong inhibitory effects. For P. acnes, all extract concentrations showed strong inhibitory responses with the highest inhibition zone at 50% concentration. Chloramphenicol antibiotic consistently demonstrated higher antibacterial activity across all test bacteria. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in inhibitory effectiveness based on extract concentration and bacterial type (p<0.001), with a significant interaction between these two factors (η²=0.605). These findings indicate the potential development of roselle flower ethanol extract as a natural antibacterial agent, although further optimization is needed to enhance its effectiveness.
Antibacterial Effectiveness Test of Ethanol Extract of Torch Ginger (Etlingera elatior) Flower Against the Growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Simatupang, Steffanie Ruth; Panjaitan, Ivonne Mona Selly
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4a (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4a.10766

Abstract

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are becoming more common, which is a major worldwide health concern. The purpose of this study was to assess the antibacterial activity of Etlingera elatior (kecombrang flower) ethanolic extract against Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative E. coli. The Microbiology Laboratory at Universitas Advent Indonesia's Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences was the site of the experimental study. Using the disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton Agar medium, the extract was tested at three concentrations (30%, 40%, and 50%) after being made using the maceration process with 95% ethanol. As demonstrated by inhibitory zones at all doses, the ethanolic extract of E. elatior demonstrated antibacterial activity against both bacterial species. The inhibition zone diameters ranged from 8.95–10.70 mm for E. coli and 9.00–13.68 mm for S. aureus. Statistical analysis using One-Sample t-test confirmed that all treatments significantly inhibited bacterial growth (p < 0.05). Different extract concentrations had a significant effect on S. aureus (p = 0.003) but no significant effect on E. coli (p = 0.083), according to a one-way ANOVA. Because Gram-positive bacteria have simpler cell walls that facilitate the better penetration of bioactive substances like flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, our results show that Etlingera elatior extract has more antibacterial action against S. aureus than E. coli. For the creation of environmentally friendly phytopharmaceuticals, Etlingera elatior can be regarded as a promising natural antibacterial agent.
Co-Authors Donn Richard Ricky Joshua H. L. Tobing Marpaung, Joy Mart Nababan, Febryanti Simatupang, Steffanie Ruth