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Sejarah Pemikiran Pandang ke Timur Semasa Era Tun Abdul Razak Iqbal, Uqbah
SOSIOHUMANIKA Vol 8, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : ASPENSI in Bandung, Indonesia

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RESUME: Kajian ini menganalisis sejarah pemikiran “Pandang ke Timur” di Malaysia antara tahun 1970 hingga 1976. Ia merupakan tempoh pentadbiran Tun Abdul Razak. Kaedah kajian yang digunakan adalah berdasarkan penelitian terhadap sumber-sumber yang diperolehi di Perpustakaan dan Arkib Negara Malaysia. Dalam tempoh lebih satu dekad selepas tahun 1945, tidak terdapat hubungan bilateral secara rasmi antara Jepun dan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu, kerana Tanah Melayu di bawah pendudukan British semula. Hubungan bilateral secara rasmi antara Persekutuan Tanah Melayu dengan Jepun hanya bermula apabila Kishi Nobosuke melawat Persekutuan Tanah Melayu pada tarikh 24 dan 25 November 1957. Hubungan ekonomi Malaysia dan Jepun diteruskan semasa zaman pentadbiran Tun Abdul Razak, apabila Bantuan Pembangunan Rasmi atau ODA (Official Development Assistance) Jepun disalurkan ke Malaysia bagi membiayai sebahagian besar projek pembangunan negara. Pemikiran “Pandang ke Timur” dilihat tidak mungkin lenyap selepas Perang Dunia II (1939-1945) sehingga tempoh pentadbiran Tun Hussein Onn, suatu jarak masa panjang selama 34 tahun. Semasa Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad meneruskan kesinambungan pemikiran “Pandang ke Timur”, yang membawa kepada pembentukan “Dasar Pandang ke Timur”, pelaburan Jepun di negara ini telahpun berkembang pesat dengan Jepun muncul sebagai rakan dagang utama Malaysia. Ini membawa kepada kepentingan kajian berkenaan dilakukan, kerana tiada kajian sebelumnya yang pernah merungkai sejarah pemikiran “Pandang ke Timur” semasa zaman pentadbiran Tun Abdul Razak. KATA KUNCI: Ekonomi, Jepun, pemikiran “Pandang ke Timur”, Malaysia, hubungan bilateral, pentadbiran Tun Abdul Razak, dan rakan dagang utama. ABSTRACT: “The History of the Look to the East’s Idea during the Era of Tun Abdul Razak”. This study analyzes the history of the “Look to the East” idea in Malaysia between 1970 to 1976. It is the period of Tun Abdul Razak administration. The method used in this study is based on the method of observation of the resources available at the Library and the National Archives of Malaysia. Over a decade after 1945, there were no official bilateral relations between Japan and the Federation of Malaya, due to Malaya under British occupation again. Official bilateral relation between the Federation of Malaya and Japan only starts when Kishi Nobosuke visit the Federation of Malaya on 24 and 25 November 1957. Malaysia and Japan economic relations continued during the administration of Tun Abdul Razak, when Japan’s Official Development Assistance (ODA) channeled to Malaysia to finance the bulk of the countrys development projects. The “Look to the East” idea seen unlikely to fade after the Second World War (1939-1945) until the period of Tun Hussein Onn administration, a long time period for 34 years. When Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad continued the “Look to the East” idea, that led to the formation of the “Look to the East Policy”, Japanese investment in the country has grown with Japan emerged as Malaysia’s major trading partner. This leads to the importance of this study, due to there are no previous study tracing the history of the “Look to the East” idea during the administration of Tun Abdul Razak.KEY WORD: Economics, Japan, idea of “Look to the East”, Malaysia, bilateral relation, administration of Tun Abdul Razak, and major trading partner.About the Author: Dr. Uqbah Iqbal ialah Penyelidik di Pusat Pengajian Sejarah, Politik dan Strategi, Fakulti Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan UKM (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), Kampus UKM, 43650 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. Bagi urusan sebarang akademik, penulis boleh dihubungi dengan alamat emel: uqbah@siswa.ukm.edu.myHow to cite this article? Iqbal, Uqbah. (2015). “Sejarah Pemikiran Pandang ke Timur Semasa Era Tun Abdul Razak” in SOSIOHUMANIKA: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, Vol.8(2) November, pp.205-216. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press and UNIPA Surabaya, ISSN 1979-0112. Chronicle of the article: Accepted (August 31, 2015); Revised (October 5, 2015); and Published (November 30, 2015).
The Investment Conflict between British and Japan in the Federation of Malaya After the Second World War, 1946-1956 Iqbal, Uqbah; Hussin, Nordin; Seman, Ahmad Ali
TAWARIKH Vol 7, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : ASPENSI in Bandung, Indonesia

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Abstract

ABSTRACT: The focus of this study is to unravel the conflict between British and Japanese investments in the Federation of Malaya from 1946 to 1956, after the Second World War. The method used in this study is based on the method of observation of the resources available in Libraries and the National Archives of Malaysia. After Japans defeat in the Second World War, on 15 August 1945, between the months of September 1945 until 1 April 1946, the British administration of Malaya back through the BMA (British Military Administration) with all Japanese assets in Malaya was placed under the British Custodian of Enemy Property. Meanwhile, the priority of the United States of America policy after the Second World War was to stop the spread of Communism during the Cold War. The United States of America saw Southeast Asia as a natural market for Japanese goods and a source of raw materials for the Japanese industry, also as an alternative to relations with the Chinese Communist government. The Federation of Malaya’s iron ore mining is considered important to the United States of America effort in connecting Japan and Southeast Asia. Although it led to friction with the British, but their main interest is to overcome the Communist threat in the region, especially from China. Japan did not indicate significant interest on the question of retrieving the whole importance of their economies to the extent as it did before the war, there was only an effort to recover their position in the Federation of Malaya’s iron ore mining.KEY WORDS: United States of America, British, economics interests, Japan, and Federation of Malaya government.    About the Authors: Dr. Uqbah Iqbal is a Research Scholar and Alumnus of School of History, Politics and Strategy, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities UKM (National University of Malaysia), UKM Campus, 43650 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. Prof. Dr. Nordin Hussin and Dr. Ahmad Ali Seman are the Senior Lecturers at the School of History, Politics and Strategy, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities UKM, 43650 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. Corresponding authors are: uqbah@siswa.ukm.edu.my, nordin@ukm.my, and aasw@ukm.myHow to cite this article? Iqbal, Uqbah, Nordin Hussin & Ahmad Ali Seman. (2016). “The Investment Conflict between British and Japan in the Federation of Malaya After the Second World War, 1946-1956” in TAWARIKH: International Journal for Historical Studies, Vol.7(2) April, pp.239-254. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press and UIN SGD Bandung, ISSN 2085-0980. Chronicle of the article: Accepted (November 27, 2015); Revised (January 25, 2016); and Published (April 28, 2016).