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All Journal Kultivasi Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Asian Journal of Agriculture Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Ryan Widianto
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Noxious Weed Species Monochoria vaginalis Resistant to Synthetic Auxin and Acetolactate Synthase Inhibitor Herbicides Ryan Widianto; Denny Kurniadie
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 39, No 2 (2024): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v39i2.86507

Abstract

Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. f.) C. Presl is a dominant weed in paddy rice cultivation, significantly threatening productivity and farming sustainability. In Subang, Indonesia, synthetic auxin and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors are commonly used to control M. vaginalis. However, farmers have currently reported declining efficacy of these herbicides. Therefore, this study aimed to confirm the resistance of M. vaginalis to the early post-emergence application of synthetic auxin and ALS inhibitors. Plant bioassays were conducted using the pot test method to determine resistance level. Herbicides were applied 2 weeks after planting M. vaginalis at 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 times the recommended dose, and untreated plants as control. Herbicides tested were 2,4-D, bensulfuron-methyl, bispyribac sodium, penoxulam, and sulfentrazone. The results obtained based on resistance index values (RI) showed that M. vaginalis populations from Kediri and Gandasari, Subang, had moderately to high resistance to 2,4-D (RI: 8.15 and 13.0) and bensulfuron-methyl (RI: 205.61 and 21.80). Weed was moderately resistant to bispyribac sodium (RI of Kediri biotype: 8.79) and had low to moderate resistance to penoxulam herbicides (RI: 8.94 and 3.56). In contrast, M. vaginalis-resistant biotypes remained susceptible to sulfentrazone (protoporphyrinogen oxidase/PPO inhibitors) herbicide. A significant increase in GR50 was observed between 28 and 56 days after herbicide application, signifying enhanced regrowth. The resistance of M. vaginalis to synthetic auxin and ALS inhibitors presents the need for farmers to consider alternative herbicides, such as PPO inhibitors, to prevent the development of resistant weeds.
Target-site resistance to glyphosate in Eleusine indica biotypes from South Sulawesi and Lampung, Indonesia Lazuardi, Ahmad Nur; Kurniadie, Denny; Umiyati, Uum; Widianto, Ryan
Kultivasi Vol 25, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/kultivasi.v25i1.69589

Abstract

Glyphosate is a non-selective systemic herbicide that has been widely used to control weeds by local corn farmers in South Sulawesi and Lampung Provinces of Indonesia. However, some corn farmers in these two regions were considered that glyphosate herbicide at the standard field dose no longer effective against goosegrass (Eleusine indica). To confirms the level of its resistance to glyphosate, seeds of E. indica suspected to be glyphosate-resistant were collected from corn fields in Soppeng Regency-South Sulawesi and South Lampung Regency-Lampung (designated as GR-1 and GR-2 respectively), along with a known susceptible biotype from Sumedang Regency-West Java (GS) as a comparison. By using whole-plant pot assay method in a greenhouse at the Ciparanje. A range of seven glyphosate concentrations was applied to the seedlings at the Experimental Farm, representing 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 x the standard field rate. Dose–response experiment showed that GR-1 and GR-2 biotypes has a low levels resistance to glyphosate (2.57 and 2.96 folds of each) compared to susceptible biotype (GS). Sequencing results confirmed the Pro-106-Ser mutation in the EPSPS genes of the resistant biotypes. This specific amino acid substitution is among the most frequently documented mechanisms of resistance in weed species. Therefore, the shared mutation in the GR-1 and GR-2 biotypes likely confers this resistance. These findings serve as an early warning for corn farmers to manage and prevent further spread of E. indica glyphosate-resistant biotypes.
First global report of multiple herbicide resistance in Eleusine indica biotypes from Indonesia ARI BUDIAWAN; DENNY KURNIAIDE; UUM UMIYATI; RYAN WIDIANTO
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g090230

Abstract

Abstract. Budiawan A, Kurniaide D, Umiyati U, Widianto R. 2025. First global report of multiple herbicide resistance in Eleusine indica biotypes from Indonesia. Asian J Agric 9: 629-635. Eleusine indica (goosegrass) is a major weed in maize cultivation and has evolved resistance to several herbicides worldwide. However, resistance to atrazine (a photosystem II inhibitor) and mesotrione (a 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor) has not previously been reported. This study aimed to verify farmer observations of reduced herbicide efficacy by screening 49 E. indica biotypes collected from six maize-producing provinces in Indonesia. A resistant biotype of the test sample was collected from maize fields following farmers' reports of lower efficacy of these herbicides. Greenhouse bioassays were conducted using atrazine (1,200 g a.i. ha-1) and mesotrione (150 g a.i. ha-1) at the 2-3 leaf stage. Resistance was classified based on plant survival three weeks after herbicide application. Screening results indicated the presence of 30 E. indica biotypes exhibiting resistance to atrazine, 13 of which demonstrated signs of developing resistance, and 6 were susceptible. For mesotrione, 4 biotypes were resistant, 2 were showing signs of resistance, and 43 were susceptible. A total of 4 biotypes originating from South Sulawesi exhibited resistance to atrazine and mesotrione in a multiple-resistant pattern. Notably, 4 biotypes from South Sulawesi exhibited multiple resistance to both herbicides. This study represents the first global report of E. indica multiple resistant to atrazine and mesotrione, particularly in Indonesia. The declining effectiveness of these key herbicides highlights the urgent need for Integrated Weed Management (IWM) strategies that combine chemical rotation, mixtures with complementary modes of action, and non-chemical practices to mitigate the further spread of resistance.
Resistance of Eleusine indica to non-selective herbicides in Indonesian oil palm plantation UUM UMIYATI; DENNY KURNIADIE; RYAN WIDIANTO; DEDI WIDAYAT; CEPPY NASAHI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 8 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240847

Abstract

Abstract. Umiyati U, Kurniadie D, Widianto R, Widayat D, Nasahi C. 2023. Resistance of Eleusine indica to non-selective herbicides in Indonesian oil palm plantation. Biodiversitas 24: 4661-4667. Indonesia is the world's largest producer of oil palm. One biological constraint that may reduce the national oil palm production is Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn (goosegrass). This weed is usually controlled chemically using non-selective herbicides, such as glyphosate, paraquat, and ammonium glufosinate. Although these herbicides are widely used, there are minimal case reports of weed resistance in Indonesia. This study aimed to map and quantify the herbicide resistance of goosegrass in Indonesian oil palm plantations. Weed mortality after herbicide application was used to determine the resistance. The study collected samples from Indonesia's six primary oil palm regions: West Sumatra, North Sumatra, Riau, Lampung, Belitung, and West Kalimantan. The sample collection process was supplemented by conducting interviews to get information on the herbicide application practices of palm oil growers. The results showed that 15 samples of goosegrass from various locations were resistant to glyphosate, 17 were resistant to paraquat, and one showed developing resistance to ammonium glufosinate. The most resistant goosegrass was found in North Sumatra, with a resistant index of 3.32 and 3.81 to glyphosate and paraquat, respectively. At the same time, the resistance to ammonium glufosinate could not be measured because the low doses of ammonium glufosinate were sufficient to control the weeds.
Co-Authors ARI BUDIAWAN CEPPY NASAHI DEDI WIDAYAT DENNY KURNIADIE Denny Kurniadie DENNY KURNIAIDE Lazuardi, Ahmad Nur UUM UMIYATI Uum Umiyati UUM UMIYATI