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All Journal Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
Ani Widiastuti
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

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Hormesis in Pathogenic and Biocontrol Fungi: From Inhibition to Stimulation Krisnanda Surya Dharma; Suryanti Suryanti; Ani Widiastuti
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 39, No 2 (2024): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v39i2.83012

Abstract

Hormesis, a biphasic response where low doses of stressors stimulate growth and high doses inhibit it, has significant implications for agricultural chemical use. This review explores the impact of low-dose fungicides or pesticides on pathogenic and biocontrol fungi. This study highlights how sublethal dose exposure can enhance growth and virulence of fungal pathogens, while also potentially increasing their stress tolerance at higher doses. This phenomenon complicates fungicide resistance management strategies. The review focuses on specific fungicides such as dimethachlone, prochloraz, carbendazim, and others, and their hormetic effects on fungal pathogens. Furthermore, the effects of low-dose pesticides and fungicides on beneficial fungi like entomopathogenic and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are discussed. Here, low-dose exposure can stimulate the germination of entomopathogenic fungal conidia and enhance AMF root colonization and phosphorus uptake. However, hormesis can have trade-offs, potentially leading to unforeseen consequences for the organism. A thorough understanding of hormesis and dose-dependent fungicide effects is crucial for optimizing disease management and agricultural practices. This knowledge can inform strategies to minimize pathogen resistance and promote sustainable approaches. Implementing integrated disease management that combines fungicides with different modes of action alongside other control methods can be effective. Careful consideration of fungicide doses and potential hormesis effects is paramount for ensuring sustainable plant disease control and food security.
Identification of Pathogens Causing Important Diseases in Leatherleaf Fern (Rumohra adiantiformis) and In Vitro Inhibition using Bacillus velezensis B-27 Barokati Tsaniyah; Tri Joko; Ani Widiastuti
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 39, No 2 (2024): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v39i2.83675

Abstract

Leatherleaf fern (Rumohra adiantiformis) is a famous ornamental-leaf plant that has been used by florist entrepreneurs around the world. It is one of the leading export commodities in Indonesia, however, currently, there are some diseases of this leaf reported in the field causing yield loss and reducing the economic value. This study aimed to identify the pathogens causing the recent 3 significant diseases of leatherleaf fern, including leaf blight, leaf tip rot, and post-harvest leaf rot, and in vitro analysis of beneficial bacteria, Bacillus velezensis B-27, against the pathogens. The methods used in this study were isolation, pathogenicity test, morphological observation, molecular identification of pathogens, and poisoned food technique of B. velezensis against those pathogens compared to fungicides and bactericides. The results of molecular identification showed that Neopestalotiopsis sp. and Pantoea ananatis caused leaf blight, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. sesami triggered leaf tip rot, while Calonectria sp. and P. ananatis contributed to post-harvest leaf rot. Based on in vitro analysis, B. velezensis B-27 reduced the growth of the Neopestalotiopsis sp. DM C with the highest inhibition of 95.6%, Neopestalotiopsis sp. DM B with 84.3%, F. oxysporum f. sp. sesami with 61.9%, Calonectria sp. with 93.4%, and inhibited the growth of P. ananatis by producing a clear zone. This research concludes that B. velezensis B-27 has the potential as a biocontrol against pathogens causing significant diseases in leatherleaf ferns due to its ability to inhibit pathogens and its advantage as a beneficial microbe that is environmentally friendly to support sustainable agriculture.
Co-Authors Barokati Tsaniyah Krisnanda Surya Dharma Suryanti Suryanti Tri Joko