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All Journal Pinisi Journal of Social Science Journal of Social Science and Humanities
Vincent Eseoghene Efebeh
Department of Political Science, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
Religion Arts Humanities Astronomy Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Energy Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Neuroscience Physics Social Sciences Other

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The Role of International Organizations in Managing Global Health Security: A Study of World Health Organization Activities in Africa Joseph Onovughe Siloko; Vincent Eseoghene Efebeh; Esekumenu V. Clark
Pinisi Journal of Social Science Vol 4, No 1 (2025): May
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26858/pjss.v4i1.73116

Abstract

The study examines the role of international organizations, specifically the World Health Organization (WHO), in managing global health security in Africa. It evaluates WHO’s effectiveness, the impact of systemic inequality in resource allocation, and the consequences of delays in decision-making and operational inefficiencies. The research is anchored in regime theory, which explains how international organizations govern global health security through established norms and cooperative frameworks (Krasner, 1983). A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing data from WHO reports, global health indices, and case studies of past health crises, such as Ebola (2014–2016) and COVID-19 (2020–2024). Data were collected from WHO publications, African CDC reports, peer-reviewed journals, and government health statistics.  Findings reveal that WHO plays a pivotal role in disease surveillance, emergency response coordination, and health policy implementation. However, systemic inequalities in funding and material distribution have limited Africa’s ability to respond effectively to health crises. Delays in WHO’s decision-making processes have further exacerbated the impact of pandemics on the continent. Despite these challenges, WHO remains a key institution for strengthening health security, provided that operational inefficiencies are addressed, resource distribution becomes more equitable, and decision-making processes are restructured. The study recommends decentralizing WHO’s regional offices in Africa, improving health equity in resource allocation, and reducing bureaucratic inefficiencies to enhance rapid emergency response. These findings contribute to ongoing policy discussions on global health governance and sustainable health security strategies for Africa.
The Political Economy of Terrorism in Nigeria: A Study of Boko Haram Olisemeke Solomon Chukwudi; Vincent Eseoghene Efebeh; Francis Ayegbunam Ikenga
Journal of Social Science and Humanities Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): October
Publisher : CV. Tripe Konsultan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54012/jssh.v2i1.854

Abstract

This study examined the political economy of terrorism in Nigeria, focusing on the Boko Haram insurgency through the lenses of Relative Deprivation Theory and Frustration–Aggression Theory. The study investigated the factors responsible for the emergence and persistence of Boko Haram, its socio-economic and governance implications, and the effectiveness of Nigeria’s counter-terrorism strategies. A qualitative research design was adopted, relying on secondary data obtained from journal articles, textbooks, policy reports, and relevant online sources. Findings revealed that Boko Haram’s rise is closely linked to widespread poverty, unemployment, corruption, weak governance, political exclusion, and regional inequalities in northern Nigeria. These conditions created feelings of deprivation, marginalization, and frustration among affected populations, thereby facilitating recruitment into extremist movements. The study further found that the insurgency has significantly undermined socio-economic development through the destruction of infrastructure, disruption of education and economic activities, mass displacement, humanitarian crises, and weakened state institutions, particularly in the North-East region. These consequences have deepened existing inequalities and reinforced cycles of poverty and insecurity. The study also revealed that although Nigeria’s counter-terrorism efforts have recorded some military successes in reducing Boko Haram’s territorial control and operational capacity, they have largely failed to address the underlying structural drivers of the insurgency. Consequently, Boko Haram has continued to persist in various adaptive forms. The study concluded that Boko Haram represents not only a security threat but also a manifestation of deeper socio-economic and governance challenges. It recommended, among others, targeted poverty reduction programmes, youth empowerment initiatives, improved access to education and vocational training, and strengthened governance reforms to address the root causes of terrorism and promote sustainable peace and development in Nigeria.
The Role of Public Opinion in Shaping Foreign Policy in A Democracy: A Focus on Nigeria from 2010 - 2025 Rex Ogheneruona; Abraham Ejogba Orhero; Vincent Eseoghene Efebeh
Journal of Social Science and Humanities Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): October
Publisher : CV. Tripe Konsultan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54012/jssh.v2i1.855

Abstract

This study examined the influence of civil society, public opinion, the media, and institutional actors on Nigeria’s foreign policy in the Fourth Republic using liberal democratic theory as its analytical framework. Liberal democratic theory emphasizes citizen participation, accountability, transparency, and responsiveness in public policy formulation, including foreign policy. The study investigates the extent to which Nigeria’s foreign policy process reflects these democratic principles in practice. A qualitative research design was adopted, relying on secondary sources such as scholarly books, peer-reviewed journal articles, and policy documents. Data were analyzed through content analysis, focusing on themes of civil society engagement, media influence, legislative oversight, elite decision-making, and public participation in foreign policy. Findings reveal that despite Nigeria’s democratic governance structure, foreign policy formulation remains largely executive-driven and elite-dominated, limiting broad public participation. However, democratic consolidation since 1999 has created opportunities for increased involvement by non-state actors. Civil society organizations have become more active in advocating for human rights, governance reforms, and peacebuilding initiatives, while traditional and digital media platforms have enhanced public awareness and discourse on foreign policy issues. Legislative institutions have also sought to exercise oversight, though their influence remains limited. The study further identifies persistent challenges, including weak mechanisms for incorporating public opinion, inadequate transparency, and the continued concentration of foreign policy authority within the executive branch. It concludes that Nigeria’s foreign policy is gradually evolving toward a more participatory model but has yet to fully align with liberal democratic ideals. The study recommends, among others, strengthening public consultation mechanisms, enhancing legislative oversight, and promoting greater transparency in foreign policy decision-making.
Co-Authors Abraham Ejogba Orhero Esekumenu V. Clark Francis Ayegbunam Ikenga Joseph Onovughe Siloko Olisemeke Solomon Chukwudi Rex Ogheneruona