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Meliyani Sidiqah
Sekolah Tinggi Hukum Bandung, Indonesia
Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Public Health Social Sciences

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The Paradox of Tolerance, Freedom of Religion, and Moral Boundaries in Implementation of Human Rights Law Meliyani Sidiqah
JURNAL AKTA Vol 12, No 4 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Program Magister (S2) Kenotariatan, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/akta.v12i4.50957

Abstract

The discussion of tolerance and religious freedom in Indonesia reveals a normative paradox: constitutional guarantees of human rights coexist with restrictive practices grounded in majority morality. While religious freedom is constitutionally guaranteed as a fundamental right tied to human dignity, Indonesian legal culture often enforces tolerance in a conditional, passive, or exclusive manner. This paradox shapes the complex interplay among religion, the state, and society, as the collective morality of dominant groups frequently becomes public morality, restricting minority rights. This article seeks to clarify how tolerance for religious freedom is constructed within Indonesian legal culture and to examine the moral boundaries that limit religious freedom. Using a normative juridical approach informed by interdisciplinary human rights law, legal philosophy, and moral philosophy, the research finds that tolerance in Indonesia is primarily passive and legitimized by majority morality. Dominant group values often become public morality without rational evaluation against universal human rights standards, resulting in asymmetric and exclusive restrictions on minorities. This research’s novelty lies in offering a normative framework that treats tolerance as a legal-philosophical issue and proposes reorienting moral boundaries toward universal human rights by strengthening active tolerance and public rationality, ensuring that religious freedom is not only normatively recognized but also meaningfully protected in Indonesia’s democratic and just legal culture.
Wanita Ahlul Kitab dan Hukum Menikahinya di Indonesia Meliyani Sidiqah
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 6 No. 3 (2023): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v6i3.7823

Abstract

This paper aims to examine the differences in interpretation in determining the ahlul kitab women and examine the facts that occur in society and the law on marrying ahlul kitab women in Indonesia. Interfaith marriages by Muslims become polemics in Indonesia due to the strengthening of the notion of prohibition of interfaith marriages. However, this assumption is not fully believed considering that the Qur'an regulates the permissibility of marriages by Muslim men with ahlul kitab women. This paper uses a normative juridical research method with an interdisciplinary approach because it uses perspective from other scientific disciplines to support the discussion which still use the law as a standpoint. The result shows, first, there is no agreement between Islamic scholars and jurists in determining the ahlul kitab women. Second, even though the facts in society show that interfaith marriages by Muslim men are common, the law on marrying ahlul kitab women in Indonesia is still prohibited. So, this paper suggest that a decision should be agreed upon by the Islamic scholars and jurists in Indonesia to interpret the ahlul kitab women. Besides, in making provisions related to marrying ahlul kitab, the government should not strictly and decisively prohibit it, it has to comply with the provisions stipulated in Al-Qur'an Surah Al-Maidah verse 5. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perbedaan penafsiran dalam menentukan wanita ahlul kitab, dan mengkaji fakta yang terjadi di masyarakat serta hukum menikahii wanita ahlul kitab di Indonesia. Perkawinan beda agama yang melibatkan pihak yang beragama Islam sering menjadi polemik di Indonesia karena menguatnya anggapan larangan terhadap perkawinan beda agama. Namun, anggapan ini nyatanya tidak diyakini sepenuhnya mengingat dalam Al-Qur’an pun diatur mengenai kebolehan perkawinan yang dilangsungkan oleh pria Muslim dengan wanita ahlul kitab. Tulisan ini disusun menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan interdisipliner karena menggunakan sudut pandang beberapa cabang ilmu untuk mendukung materi bahasan dengan titik berdiri dari sudut pandang hukum. Dari hasil penelitian, pertama, belum ada kesepakatan dari para ulama dan ahli hukum Islam dalam menentukan golongan wanita mana yang termasuk ahlul kitab. Kedua, meskipun fakta di masyarakat menunjukkan bahwa perkawinan beda agama yang melibatkan pria Muslim banyak terjadi, hukum menikahi wanita ahlul kitab di Indonesia tetap dilarang. Maka, tulisan ini menyarankan harus ada keputusan yang disepakati oleh para ulama dan ahli hukum Islam di Indonesia mengenai tafsiran golongan-golongan wanita ahlul kitab. Selain itu, dalam membuat ketentuan terkait menikahi ahlul kitab, pemerintah sebaiknya tidak melarang secara keras dan tegas melainkan harus menyesuaikan dengan ketentuan yang sudah diatur di Al-Qur’an Surat Al-Maidah ayat 5.     
Friday Prayer for Women and Right to Worship Meliyani Sidiqah
Jurnal Ius Constituendum Vol. 9 No. 3 (2024): OCTOBER
Publisher : Magister Hukum Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/jic.v9i3.9232

Abstract

The purpose is to discover the essence of Friday Prayer for women and provide several views regarding the right to worship for women. The background of this paper is based on the differences of views regarding Friday Prayer for women. These differences lead society to divisions that must be immediately prevented because possible to trigger various actions contrary to the law from certain groups who do not understand the essence of the problem. This paper is normative juridical research using an interdisciplinary approach. Field research is only a complement to support research results. The novelty of this paper presents different research on the substance of Friday Prayer considered essential but received less attention from the public and most researchers, namely Friday Prayer “for women”. The results show that the essence of Friday Prayer for women is sunnah (permitted/not prohibited), based on Surah Al-Jumu’ah verse 9 and hadiths that exclude the obligation of Friday Prayer for women. Besides that, the action that is committed by women to perform Friday Prayer is guaranteed by law. If someone prohibits or forces women to perform or not to perform Friday Prayer, that person has violated someone’s right and the law.
Interfaith Marriage in Kuningan and Jakarta: State Intervention and Human Rights Meliyani Sidiqah
Jurnal Ius Constituendum Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): FEBRUARY
Publisher : Magister Hukum Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/jic.v10i1.11331

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the similarities and differences in the perspectives of various institutions in Kuningan and Jakarta and examine these views from a human rights perspective. The background of this study is the issue of legal uncertainty surrounding interfaith marriages. On one hand, it is prohibited, and the other hand it is permitted but made difficult. This research is significant as it addresses the phenomenon of interfaith marriages, which the Indonesian government has ambiguously responded to. On one hand, such marriages are permitted but made excessively difficult; on the other hand, they are prohibited but ultimately recognized. This paper employs a sociological-juridical research methodology with a comparative approach. Fieldwork was conducted in two cities, Kuningan and Jakarta, using interviews with interfaith couples and officials from local RAO, CRSO, RC, and DC. The novelty of this paper lies in its identification of human rights violations based on empirical evidence. The comparative findings from the two cities reveal that the current legal framework governing marriage in Indonesia fails to reflect certainty and justice. Furthermore, interfaith marriage remains a significant and unresolved issue in the country.
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