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All Journal Nation State : Journal of International Studies Journal of World Trade Studies
Ketaren, Emma Seruni
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Economics, Econometrics & Finance Social Sciences

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Towards a Circular Blue Economy in the Global South: Potentials and Challenges in Kiribati Ketaren, Emma Seruni; Andi Faradilla Ayu Lestari
Journal of World Trade Studies Vol 8 No 1 (2023): Journal of World Trade Studies
Publisher : Journal of World Trade Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jwts.v8i1.10941

Abstract

Countries with large ocean areas tend to rely on aquaculture products to drive their economy, such as Kiribati which relies heavily on the fisheries sector because its ocean area is significantly larger than its land area. To claim that the sea is Kiribati's only hope for its economy is not an exaggeration given how much aquaculture products contribute to its national income. Unfortunately, Kiribati's heavy reliance on the fisheries sector is not balanced with an adequate management framework and this condition is increasingly exacerbated by climate change and over-exploitation of marine resources, which are posing serious threats to Kiribati's economy. Using descriptive qualitative methods, this research aims to identify sectors with potential as new economic sources and challenges for the development of a blue circular economy in Kiribati. The findings of this research will reveal that Kiribati has several sectors that can be utilized in the implementation of a circular blue economy. However, numerous challenges prevent these sectors from reaching their full potential. Furthermore, this research will aim to formulate policy recommendations to maximize Kiribati's circular blue economy potentials.
Indonesia's Contested Norms, Selective Humanitarianism and ASEAN Refugee Governance Prabandari, Atin; Segara, Balya A.; Ketaren, Emma Seruni
Nation State: Journal of International Studies Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Norm Contestation, Identity and Cultural Dynamics in Contemporary International
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Social Science, Department of International Relations, Universitas Amikom Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24076/nsjis.v8i2.2307

Abstract

This article reinterprets Indonesia’s refugee governance and ASEAN’s regional approach as sites of norm contestation rather than mere institutional or capacity gaps. While the 1951 Refugee Convention promotes universal protection, Southeast Asia largely avoids fully integrating these norms. Indonesia exemplifies this paradox: it champions humanitarian diplomacy in forums like the Bali Process. It offers ad-hoc aid during crises, such as the 2015 Rohingya influx, yet it simultaneously upholds a restrictive asylum policy and remains outside key international refugee agreements. ASEAN, similarly, resists formalizing refugee protection, adhering to its core tenets of non-interference, informal regionalism, and consensus. Drawing on regionalism, securitization, and postcolonial theories, the article argues these are not failures, but deliberate political choices driven by concerns of sovereignty, security, and normative pluralism. It reveals how Southeast Asian refugee governance stems from conflicting regional identities and historical legacies, fostering a fragmented landscape where humanitarianism becomes a selective political tool. This analysis enriches critical discussions on refugee protection in the Global South and highlights the limitations of liberal humanitarian norms in diverse postcolonial contexts.
Co-Authors Andi Faradilla Ayu Lestari Prabandari, Atin Segara, Balya A.