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CHILD PASSENGER SAFETY Haironi, Haironi; Jusmadi, Jusmadi; Masyduki, Masyduki; Jusnaidi, Jusnaidi; Helman, Mhd; Misran, Misran; Cuadmadja, Anera Irinsyahinta; Fikri, KMS. Novyar Satriawan
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Literature Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND LITERATURE
Publisher : Yayasan Education and Social Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53067/ijomral.v4i1.289

Abstract

Child passenger safety has significantly progressed over the last decade, yet motor vehicle collisions remain the primary cause of mortality for children aged four and above. This policy statement presents four evidence-based suggestions for optimal practices in selecting a child restraint system to enhance safety in passenger vehicles for children from infancy to adolescence: (1) Utilize rear-facing car safety seats for as long as feasible; (2) Transition to forward-facing car safety seats once children surpass the limits of rear-facing seats, typically until at least 4 years of age; (3) Employ belt-positioning booster seats after outgrowing forward-facing seats, generally until at least 8 years of age; and (4) Implement lap and shoulder seat belts for all individuals who have exceeded the requirements for booster seats.  Furthermore, a fifth evidence-based recommendation stipulates that all children under 13 should occupy the rear seats of cars. It is crucial to acknowledge that each change entails a reduction in protection, so parents should be motivated to postpone these transitions for the maximum duration. These suggestions are formulated as an algorithm designed to assist pediatricians in implementing them for their patients and families, addressing most scenarios encountered in practice. The American Academy of Pediatrics advocates that all physicians familiarize themselves with and endorse these suggestions as integral components of child passenger safety anticipatory guidance during each health supervision appointment
LAW AND CIVILIZATION: NORBERT LIAS AS A REGULATION THEORIST Jusmadi, Jusmadi; Haironi, Haironi; Masyduki, Masyduki; Jusnaidi, Jusnaidi; Helman, Mhd; Misran, Misran; Cuadmadja, Anera Irinsyahinta; Fikri, KMS. Novyar Satriawan
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Literature Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND LITERATURE
Publisher : Yayasan Education and Social Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53067/ijomral.v4i1.291

Abstract

German sociologist Norbert Elias devised a comprehensive sociological analysis of the interconnections between the processes of state formation, institutional dynamics, individual subjectivity, habitus, and the logic of their transformation over time. The historical sociology of the self, violence, crime and punishment, organizations, emotions, sexuality, social control, and sports are just a few of the many areas in which his work has significantly influenced social scientific thinking. His views have only sometimes been applied to other areas of law and social science study, with his influence in legal academia centered on criminology. This review emphasizes the potential future directions in which Elias's process-figurational approach could advance in sociolegal research and scholarship by outlining (a) the core elements of Elias's "process-figurational" sociology and his analysis of processes of civilization and decivilization, (b) Elias's observations on law and state formation; (c) a selection of the sociolegal research related to his sociological approach, in fields such as crime and punishment, evolving modes of regulation, and international relations; and (d) the potential future directions in which Elias's process-configurational approach might move in sociolegal research and scholarship. These encompass the emotive aspects of family law, human rights, and humanitarianism, as well as the interfaces between legal evolution and broader social change, legal pluralism and legal culture, tort law, constitutionalism, and the rule of law