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All Journal Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Mikailalsys Journal of Advanced Engineering International
Hamza, Jamilu Bala
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Environmental Science Mechanical Engineering Physics Social Sciences Other

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Evaluating Handover Processes in Mobile Networks: Effects on Latency, QoS, and User Experience Across Conditions Abdurrahman, Mubarak; Gamawa, Mansur Aliyu; Abdulkadir, Abubakar; M, Bala A.; Hamza, Jamilu Bala; Ahmed, Abubakar
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 3 No 1 (2025): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v3i1.4631

Abstract

The rapid expansion of mobile networks has revolutionized global communication, enabling seamless connectivity for a growing user base. As networks evolve, efficient handover processes—where mobile devices transition between network cells or base stations—are critical to maintaining uninterrupted service. Poorly optimized handovers can result in increased latency, degraded Quality of Service (QoS), and diminished user experience, especially in advanced networks like 5G that demand low latency and high reliability. This study examines the impact of handover processes on key performance metrics such as latency, QoS, and user satisfaction, analyzing their behavior across urban, rural, and heterogeneous technological environments. In densely populated urban areas, frequent handovers risk creating performance bottlenecks, while rural areas face challenges related to sparse infrastructure. Heterogeneous environments, where legacy and next-generation technologies coexist, further complicate efficient transitions. By identifying these challenges, the study proposes strategies to optimize handover efficiency, ensuring seamless connectivity, enhanced QoS, and reduced latency in advanced networks. These findings contribute to improving mobile communication systems, addressing the dynamic demands of 5G and beyond in diverse operational scenarios.
Development and Implementation of a Microcontroller-Based Smart Modular Aquaponic System for Sustainable Food Production Abdulkadir, Abubakar; Abdurrahman, Mubarak; Mutalib, Yusuf Ova; Hamidat, B. Y.; Hamza, Jamilu Bala
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 6 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i6.7627

Abstract

Aquaponics integrates aquaculture and hydroponics into a symbiotic, soil-free agricultural system that offers a sustainable solution to global food production challenges. In response to the increasing demand for environmentally sustainable and resource-efficient farming methods, this study presents the development and implementation of a microcontroller-based smart modular aquaponic system aimed at automating water quality regulation, with a focus on pH level control. Traditional aquaponic systems rely heavily on manual monitoring and adjustment of critical parameters, often leading to inefficiencies and inconsistencies. The proposed system integrates a pH sensor with a microcontroller that triggers a pumping mechanism to adjust water conditions when pH levels exceed 7.1. Experimental validation across three monitoring intervals (08:00, 14:00, and 20:00) demonstrated the system’s ability to maintain pH within the optimal range of 6.8–7.1. The findings confirm that the automated approach significantly improves operational stability, enhances water resource efficiency, and promotes environmental sustainability within aquaponic systems. Moreover, the modular configuration facilitates scalability and customization across diverse settings. This study underscores the transformative potential of automation in advancing aquaponics as a viable model for sustainable and technologically integrated food production.
Development of an Enhanced Remote Monitoring System of Diesel Levels in Telecom Base Stations Kazeem, Agesin Ademola; Abubakar, Abdulkadir; Abubakar, Aliyu Umar; Abdulsalam, Nasiru; Hamza, Jamilu Bala; Sani, Zahraddeen Lawan
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 4 No 1 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v4i1.9111

Abstract

This study presents the design and implementation of an enhanced Internet of Things (IoT)-based remote monitoring system for managing diesel levels and voltage status in telecommunication base stations (TBSs) to improve operational reliability and reduce fuel-related inefficiencies. A prototype system was developed by integrating ultrasonic fuel-level and voltage sensors with an Arduino Nano microcontroller and an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module. The system transmitted data to a cloud-based IoT platform for real-time visualization and automated alert generation, enabling continuous monitoring and timely notification of critical operating conditions. The system was evaluated in terms of efficiency, reliability, and cost performance under varying load conditions. The results demonstrated a 24.6% increase in monitoring efficiency, a 31% reduction in generator downtime, and an 18% reduction in operational costs compared with manual monitoring methods. These findings indicate that the proposed system offers a scalable, cost-effective, and energy-efficient solution for enhancing transparency, reducing manual oversight, and supporting more sustainable power management in telecommunication base stations. The study contributes practical evidence on the effectiveness of IoT-enabled monitoring for infrastructure management in energy-dependent telecommunications environments.
Design and Analysis of Rectangular and Circular Microstrip Patch Antennas for 2.45 GHz ISM-Band Applications Abubakar, Abdulkadir; Abubakar, Aliyu Umar; Abdulkareem, H. A.; Hamza, Jamilu Bala; Sani, Zahraddeen Lawan
Mikailalsys Journal of Advanced Engineering International Vol 3 No 2 (2026): Mikailalsys Journal of Advanced Engineering International
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mjaei.v3i2.9125

Abstract

This paper presents the design, parametric analysis, and comparative evaluation of rectangular and circular microstrip patch antennas operating at 2.45 GHz in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band for wireless communication applications. Both antenna configurations were fabricated on a low-cost FR-4 dielectric substrate (εr = 4.5, thickness = 1.6 mm) to ensure compatibility with standard printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing processes. The rectangular patch was designed with dimensions of 38.5 mm × 29.2 mm, while the circular patch had a radius of 16.42 mm; both were optimized using cavity-model formulations and closed-form analytical equations. A 50-Ω microstrip feed line with a width of 2.88 mm was employed for impedance matching. Comprehensive parametric studies were conducted to examine the influence of geometric parameters on resonance frequency, bandwidth, and radiation characteristics. The simulation results demonstrate that both antennas achieve satisfactory impedance matching, with S₁₁ < −10 dB at the target frequency. The rectangular configuration produces a directional radiation pattern suitable for point-to-point links, whereas the circular design provides near-omnidirectional coverage with potential for circular polarization. Comparative analysis against four recent literature designs indicates that the proposed antennas achieve competitive performance in terms of compactness, fabrication simplicity, and cost-effectiveness without requiring complex modifications such as slots or parasitic elements. The study concludes that rectangular and circular microstrip patch antennas fabricated on FR-4 substrates offer practical, low-profile, and integrable solutions for WLAN, IoT, and biomedical applications requiring compact and cost-effective antenna structures.
Co-Authors Abdulkadir, Abubakar Abdulkareem, H. A. Abdulsalam, Nasiru Abdurrahman, Mubarak Abubakar, Abdulkadir Abubakar, Aliyu Umar Ahmed, Abubakar Gamawa, Mansur Aliyu Hamidat, B. Y. Kazeem, Agesin Ademola M, Bala A. Mutalib, Yusuf Ova Sani, Zahraddeen Lawan