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All Journal JOELS: Journal of Election and Leadership Journal of Global Strategic Studies
Hizra Marisa
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Social Sciences

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Understanding Indonesia's Cyber Security Policies: Opportunities and Challenges In The Digitalization Transformation Era Dimas Febriawan; Hizra Marisa
JOELS: Journal of Election and Leadership Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): JOELS : Journal of Election and Leadership
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31849/joels.v5i1.15908

Abstract

This paper will discuss the understanding of Indonesia's policies in Cyber Security, in terms of technical aspects and social effects. Where the era of digital transformation raises new risks and threats, namely Cyber Security. It is important for the government, as executor and supervisor, to identify potential risks and threats to ensure cyber security and efforts to build community digital literacy during the digital transformation era. The efficiency of the measures developed and implemented to minimize risks and eliminate threats to national cybersecurity depend on the quality and appropriateness of the implemented policies. From the research results found that a comprehensive approach to analyzing the risks and threats posed by cyber threats in the era of digital transformation is needed and must cover all related processes, both technical and non-technical, in particular the relations between the actors involved. This creates significant opportunities and challenges for Indonesia's future, especially in matters of national defense security from hacking threats and other cyber problems
China Ambition Through Digital Silk Road and Its Impact to Indonesia Hizra Marisa
JOELS: Journal of Election and Leadership Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): JOELS: Journal of Election and Leadership
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31849/3xj1ey37

Abstract

Focusing on the Digital Silk Road (DSR) initiative, this study analyzes the China's ambition through DSR and its impact to Indonesia, particularly in developing digital connectivity in Indonesia. DSR is often viewed as China's strategy to expand geopolitical influence and strengthen its authoritarian governance model through collaboration in the digital field. This study uses the theory of cooperation and cyber diplomacy as an analytical framework to understand the dynamics of this bilateral relationship. Through this theoretical lens, it will examine how China, with its ambition to become a "cyber superpower", manifests its aggressiveness in digital cooperation with Indonesia. This study will identify emerging patterns of cooperation, including digital infrastructure investment, technology transfer, and cyber capacity building. In addition, it will analyze various challenges in developing digital connectivity in Indonesia, such as issues of cybersecurity, data privacy, technological dependency, and potential impacts on digital sovereignty. Thus, this research offers an initial insight into the complexities and implications of China-Indonesia cooperation in the context of DSR, and how it shapes Indonesia's digital landscape.
Education as Statecraft Muhammad Faris Anugrah; Hizra Marisa
Journal Of Global Strategic Studies Vol 6 No 1 (2026): Journal of Global Strategic Studies
Publisher : Master's Programs in International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Jenderal Achmad Yani University (UNJANI).

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36859/jgss.v6i1.5496

Abstract

Since gaining independence in 2002, Timor-Leste has faced structural challenges in strengthening national development, particularly in improving human resources through education. This study examines the contribution of the Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa in the education sector toward the improvement of Timor-Leste’s Human Development Index during 2018–2023. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach, this research relies on secondary data collected from official reports of United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Children's Fund, World Bank, CPLP documents, and relevant academic literature. Data were analyzed through document analysis and content analysis, focusing on educational access, teacher quality, and individual capability development. The findings show that CPLP has contributed positively through teacher training programs, curriculum development, technical assistance, scholarships, and academic mobility schemes. These initiatives strengthened Timor-Leste’s educational institutions and human capital formation. Empirically, Timor-Leste’s HDI increased from 0.606 in 2018 to 0.634 in 2023, indicating gradual progress in human development. From the perspective of liberal institutionalism, CPLP functioned as an international institution that facilitated cooperation, reduced capacity constraints, and promoted mutual gains. However, challenges remain, including dependency on external assistance, linguistic barriers, limited domestic bureaucratic capacity, and unequal distribution of educational benefits. Therefore, long-term success depends on Timor-Leste’s ability to strengthen domestic institutions and ensure inclusive educational development.
Co-Authors Dimas Febriawan Muhammad Faris Anugrah