Muhammad Rizal Sirojudin
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The Adoption of Children with a Refugee Status: An Analysis of International Laws and Jurisprudence Nur, Muhammad; Soesilo, Galih Bagas; Muhammad Rizal Sirojudin
Jurnal Jurisprudence Vol. 12, No. 1, June 2022
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/jurisprudence.v12i1.701

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objective: This research aims to undergo a juridical analysis of the stipulations for the adoption of refugee children from the perspective of international law.  Methodology: This was juridical normative research that collected data using the literary study method. This research used primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and non-legal materials research instruments. Findings: A core principle in making policies concerning refugee children is the ‘best interest rule’, which has two main implementations: the making of governmental policies and decisions made on the children as individuals. Adoption may only be considered after all efforts on tracing and reunifying child refugees with their families have failed, or if the child’s parents have agreed on that adoption according to the standard stipulated in the Convention on the Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption. A jurisprudence concerning this was the case of Mariya Abdi Ibrahim vs Norway in the European Court of Human Rights for Application No. 15379/16. Indonesian stipulations are not in line with the international law that allows the adoption of refugee children. Application: This research may provide insight for the Indonesian government in considering an alternative care model for the many child refugees in Indonesia. Originality: This research described alternative model patterns that may be applied in Indonesia, as the government only regulated the prohibition of adopting international child refugees in Indonesia. But when referring to some international conventions, some types of alternative care are permitted, including adoption, even though it is only applied as a last resort. Keywords: adoption, children, refugee, international law, Indonesia.
The Urgency of Cybercrime Law Reform in Indonesia: Resolving Artificial Intelligence Criminal Liability Kurnia Dewi Anggraeny; Mufti Khakim; Muhammad Rizal Sirojudin
JUSTISI Vol. 11 No. 1 (2025): JUSTISI
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Sorong

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33506/js.v11i1.3608

Abstract

The existence of AI is a separate system based on logic, where the information entered into the system will be processed with a programmed algorithm to determine a predetermined result. AI can cause various forms of harm to everyone, including its creator, and the harm it causes can have a long-lasting impact, considering that AI can make decisions similar to humans. The application of AI in the industrial sector will impact all existing systems, including the criminal justice system in all countries. Therefore, the legal regulation of cybercrime in Indonesia needs to be reformed to resolve criminal liability for criminal acts that AI can carry out. The formulation of the problem in this study is what is the urgency of updating cybercrime law in Indonesia. Furthermore, how is the legal policy on criminal liability for artificial intelligence resolved it. Thus,  this study normative such as legal research carried out by examining library materials or data using statutory and analytical approaches. This study concludes and suggests that responsibility must be imposed on AI users and legal entities whose responsible parties are company directors. AI creators must also be responsible for the AI's actions. The renewal of cyber law in Indonesia is significant and should be done immediately, even in the Electronic Information and Transactions Law. Almost all institutional and personal documents are stored electronically; the state must also protect them. Other parties can then misuse these documents, which can be traded on the cyber black market and used irresponsibly. Illegal activities in cyberspace are also increasing, and the diversity of their actions with various skills is constantly increasing.