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Jelani, Jestin
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Experimental investigation on slope runoff, sediment, and hydraulic parameters under different underlying surface Hamizak, Siti Norhafizah; Suif, Zuliziana; Jelani, Jestin; Ahmad, Nordila; Akhtar, Muhammad Izzul
SINERGI Vol 29, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2025.1.023

Abstract

This study utilizes a rainfall simulator to conduct an experimental investigation of slope and rainfall on various underlying surfaces. This study aimed to determine the relationship between various hydraulic factors and sediment concentration by estimating runoff, sediment concentration generation, and hydraulic parameters on various underlying surfaces. The flow velocity, flow depth, shear stress, and unit stream power are the hydraulic parameters in this experiment. The soil sample will be set up appropriately in the rainfall simulator with a slope of 20º and subjected to a rainfall event for two hours on four trays with various underlying surface types. The rainfall intensity of 10 Lmin⁻¹ was designated for the rainfall simulator. Throughout a two-hour period, the runoff flow was collected at intervals of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. The measured sediment concentration using Total Suspended Solid (TSS). Then measurements were conducted of the sediment concentration, runoff discharge, and hydraulic parameters. According to the results, the stream power of the four covers is higher for the dried leaves (0.004606 ms-3), grass cover (0.003274 ms-3), gravel (0.00232 ms-³), and bare soil cover (0.00081 ms-³). But bare soil produces the maximum concentration of sediment and surface runoff, which is then followed by grass, gravel, and leaves. In general, the generation of sediment began with the bare surface, gravel, dry leaves, and grass in descending sequence. Research has shown that rain-induced plant cover can be used as a low-cost strategy to reduce soil erosion on construction slope sites. 
Mineralogical analysis of plutonic and volcanic rocks at selected slope sections of the Kuala Lumpur-Karak Highway Khairulazman, Nurul Afiffah; Jelani, Jestin; Suif, Zuliziana; Umor, Mohd Rozi; Azmi, Nur Anati; Md Yusof, Zainuddin; Ahmad, Nordila; Abd Halim, Abd Akram Haikal; Rosle, Qalam A’zad
SINERGI Vol 29, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2025.1.024

Abstract

The Kuala Lumpur-Karak Highway (KL-KH) is a key route connecting Kuala Lumpur to the East Coast states of Peninsular Malaysia. It passes through three distinct geological formations: the Kuala Lumpur Granite, Genting Sempah Complex, and Bentong Raub Suture Zone. These formations feature unique rock mineral compositions and microstructures that influence the strength and behavior of rock masses. This study used X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to analyze the mineralogical properties of plutonic and volcanic rock samples from the highway. The plutonic sample from KM29 (GKM29) consists of quartz, muscovite, and albite, while the volcanic sample from KM93 (LKM93) is rhyolite, containing quartz, albite, muscovite, and biotite. While both samples share similar minerals, they differ in texture, mineral proportions, and carbon content. The GKM29 sample has a more granular texture, while the LKM93 sample is finer. These differences in mineral composition and texture affect the mechanical properties of the rocks, including strength and durability, which are crucial for slope stability. Understanding these variations is essential for assessing slope stability and potential geological hazards along the highway. This study emphasizes the importance of early geological assessments for effective slope management and road safety, enabling better planning and maintenance strategies.
Experimental study of rainfall intensity on silty sand slope Jelani, Jestin; Suif, Zuliziana; Ahmad, Nordila; Muhammad Sadiq Rabbani, Muhammad Jazil Rabbani; Khairulazman, Nurul Afiffah
SINERGI Vol 29, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2025.2.024

Abstract

Malaysia, located in the tropical region, is blessed with an abundance of rainfall, particularly during the monsoon season. Previous studies have shown that major landslide occurrences in Malaysia are primarily caused by frequent and prolonged rainfall. This study is conducted to investigate the effect of different rainfall intensities on the silty sandy slope through a small-scale slope model. The soil samples were collected from Bukit Tabur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, to construct a 60° slope model. A continuous rainfall intensity of 50, 100, and 150 mm/hour was considered in the study to determine the type and duration of failure. Two cameras were positioned at the front and side of the slope model to capture the elapsed time since the onset of rainfall. The gullies failures were observed in all experiments. It is due to the soil on the slope surface reaching nearly full saturation, causing runoff water to move down the slope and drain downstream, resulting in surface erosion. Such a failure mechanism agreed well with the failures (formed gullies) recorded on the downstream slope of the Bukit Tabor after high-intensity rainfalls. The time of failure for different rainfall intensities was compared to the highest rainfall intensity. The duration of slope failure for 50 mm/hr and 100 mm/hr is approximately 30% and 5% slower than that of rainfall intensity at 150 mm/hr. The results suggest that the slope is more prone to failure with higher rainfall intensities. 
Instrumented model slope to investigate the influence of rainfall and slope gradient on matric suction Jelani, Jestin; Ahmad Ishak, Aina Syahirah; Ahmad, Nordila; Suif, Zuliziana; Wan Suhaili, Wan Mohamad Adham Hanis; Ahmad Mazuki, Ahmad Loqman; Supian, Latifah Sarah
SINERGI Vol 29, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2025.2.025

Abstract

Prior researchers indicated that prolonged and heavy rainfalls primarily trigger major landslides in Malaysia. This study was carried out to investigate the influence of rainfall on the matric suction of silty sand slopes through a small-scale model. A 35° and 45° slope (namely EXP1 and EXP2) models were built using soil samples from the former landslide site at Kemensah Heights, Selangor, Malaysia. Two types of sensors were used to measure matric suction and rainfall intensities using Watermarks 200SS Soil Moisture Sensor and Hydreon rain gauge RG-15, respectively. The elapsed time since the beginning of the rainfall was recorded using two cameras placed at the front and side of the slope model to observe progressive failure. The results showed that the initial matric suction with a value of 250 kPa is significantly reduced and approached 0 kPa when the range of cumulative rainfall intensity is between 30 and 36.75 mm/min and 5.25 and 6.75 mm/min recorded by PP1 and PP2 in EXP1 and EXP2, respectively. The results indicate that the reduction in matric suction induced by rainwater infiltration is the triggering mechanism of slope failure. It has also been noticed that rainfall infiltration increases with decreasing slope gradients. However, a small gradient slope requires longer rainfall prior to failure. A slope with a high gradient has a longer time before failure occurs after loss of matric suction than a low slope gradient.
Co-Authors Abd Halim, Abd Akram Haikal Ahmad Ishak, Aina Syahirah Ahmad Mazuki, Ahmad Loqman Ahmad, Nordila Akhtar, Muhammad Izzul Azmi, Nur Anati Hamizak, Siti Norhafizah Khairulazman, Nurul Afiffah Md Yusof, Zainuddin Muhammad Sadiq Rabbani, Muhammad Jazil Rabbani Rosle, Qalam A’zad Suif, Zuliziana Supian, Latifah Sarah Umor, Mohd Rozi Wan Suhaili, Wan Mohamad Adham Hanis