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All Journal The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Charles Sanjaya Seikka
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Dentistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Veterinary

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A Comprehensive Literature Review of Diagnosis and Management of Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Erick Persson Jeffry; Charles Sanjaya Seikka
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/qnnnjb97

Abstract

Background: The review of the literature on the diagnosis and management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) reveals a pressing global health challenge characterized by complex factors influencing its prevalence and treatment. (Chhabra et al., 2012) lay the groundwork by identifying systemic issues such as inadequate healthcare resources and poor case detection as significant contributors to the MDR-TB epidemic.  Literature Review: (J. Sloan & M. Lewis, 2016) further contribute to the discourse by exploring novel treatments and their applicability in low-resource environments. They emphasize the importance of improved diagnostics and the integration of new therapeutic strategies, while also addressing the financial barriers associated with MDR-TB treatment. (Kolloli & Subbian, 2017) shift the focus to host-directed therapies, arguing for innovative management strategies to address the complexities introduced by co-infections and chronic illnesses. They call for a reevaluation of traditional treatment regimens, particularly for patients with MDR- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB), highlighting the need for approaches that enhance effectiveness. (Yadav, 2023) reviews recent advancements in MDR-TB research, particularly in diagnostic technologies and treatment methodologies. The article reinforces the urgency of addressing the global challenge posed by MDR-TB through innovative strategies that facilitate faster and more accurate diagnosis, ultimately aiming for improved patient outcomes. Conclusion: In conclusion, the literature collectively illustrates the dynamic and intricate landscape of MDR-TB management. The articles underscore the critical need for continued research, enhanced diagnostics, and innovative treatment strategies to effectively combat this growing public health crisis. A multifaceted approach that includes international collaboration, financial investment, and the integration of new technologies is essential for addressing the challenges posed by MDR-TB and improving patient outcomes.
A Comprehensive Literature Review of Effect of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Blockers on Chronic Kidney Disease Erick Persson Jeffry; Charles Sanjaya Seikka
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/xfwn1344

Abstract

Background: The literature surrounding the effects of mineralocorticoid receptor blockers on chronic kidney disease (CKD) has evolved significantly over recent years, reflecting a growing understanding of their potential benefits and risks.  Literature Review: (Yanai et al., 2021) reinforced the cardiovascular protective effects of MRAs through their systematic review and meta-analysis, indicating that MRAs could significantly reduce cardiovascular events in CKD patients. In a similar vein, (B. Wish & Pergola, 2022) discussed the advantages of combining MRAs with ACE inhibitors or ARBs, while cautioning against the elevated risk of hyperkalemia. (Hu et al., 2023) provided a meta-analysis focusing on eplerenone, a selective MRA, suggesting its role as an adjunct therapy in CKD management, although they noted the need for further exploration of its safety profile. (Hedlund Møller et al., 2024) examined the paradoxical nature of MRA treatment, where increased hyperkalemia incidence was associated with decreased mortality risk, underscoring the need for a balanced approach in clinical decision-making. This duality illustrates the necessity of vigilant monitoring and patient management strategies to optimize the therapeutic benefits of MRAs while minimizing risks. Conclusion: In conclusion, the collective findings from these studies indicate that MRAs hold significant promise in the management of CKD, particularly in reducing proteinuria and offering cardiovascular protection. However, the associated risk of hyperkalemia poses a critical barrier to their widespread use. Future research is essential to further elucidate the long-term outcomes of MRA therapy, explore novel agents that separate organ protection from adverse effects, and establish guidelines that can enhance patient safety while maximizing therapeutic benefits.
A Comprehensive Literature Review of Effectiveness of Vitamin D and Physical Performance and Falls in Older Adults Erick Persson Jeffry; Charles Sanjaya Seikka
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/axnfev19

Abstract

Background: The effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in enhancing physical performance and reducing falls among older adults has been a topic of considerable research and debate over the past several decades.   Literature Review: Subsequent studies, such as the work by (M. Daly, 2010), further elucidated the importance of vitamin D in conjunction with exercise, highlighting that low serum 25(OH)D levels correlate with diminished muscle strength and increased fall risk. This relationship was echoed in research by (López-Torres Hidalgo, 2011), which demonstrated that combined calcium and vitamin D supplementation significantly improved musculoskeletal function and reduced falls among older adults. This points to the potential synergistic effects of these nutrients in promoting physical health. Meta-analyses, such as those conducted by (Bruyère et al., 2014) and (Rosendahl‐Riise et al., 2017), reinforced the notion that vitamin D supplementation can reduce falls and non-vertebral fractures, particularly at dosages of 700–1000 IU per day. These findings suggest a clear dose-response relationship, emphasizing the critical role of adequate vitamin D levels in maintaining muscle strength and balance, which are essential for fall prevention.  However, the literature also highlights significant variability in outcomes, as noted in the systematic review by (Prokopidis et al., 2022). While some studies reported positive effects of vitamin D on muscle function, others yielded inconclusive results, pointing to the need for further research to clarify the role of vitamin D in combatting sarcopenia and its associated risks. Conclusion: In conclusion, the literature presents compelling evidence supporting the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in enhancing physical performance and reducing falls among older adults, particularly at higher dosages. Nonetheless, the inconsistencies in findings across various studies underscore the complexity of vitamin D's role in muscle health and fall prevention. Continued research is essential to refine supplementation strategies, address individual variability in vitamin D metabolism, and establish clear guidelines for effective interventions in older populations.
A Comprehensive Literature Review of Management and Quality of Life of Hepatocelullar Carcinoma Erick Persson Jeffry; Charles Sanjaya Seikka
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/5902mn84

Abstract

Background: The management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a multifaceted challenge that significantly impacts patients' quality of life (QoL). The literature reveals a growing body of research dedicated to understanding the intricate relationship between HCC management and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), as evidenced by a series of systematic reviews and studies spanning over a decade. Literature Review: The systematic review conducted by (Fan, 2011) underscores that patients with HCC experience a notably poorer HRQoL compared to those with chronic liver disease and the general population. Further, the global survey by (Gill et al., 2018) highlights significant gaps in patient information at diagnosis, with a majority feeling inadequately informed. The exploration of advanced HCC treatment options by (Li et al., 2019) reveals that while curative therapies exist for early-stage HCC, patients often present with advanced disease, where treatment options are limited. The study by (Zhou & Fountzilas, 2019) further examines the impact of systemic therapies on QoL, revealing that side effects from anticancer agents can lead to treatment interruptions, thereby diminishing the overall efficacy of the treatment. This finding highlights the importance of ongoing research to manage drug toxicity and improve the QoL of patients undergoing systemic therapy. The systematic review by (Wohlleber et al., 2021) advocates for standardized HRQoL measures, emphasizing their importance in informing treatment strategies and enhancing patient care. The review also discusses various HRQoL instruments, underscoring the need for their integration into clinical practice to better capture the patient experience. n examining prognostic factors, (Minami et al., 2022) emphasizes the role of early detection and effective management of HCV in improving both survival rates and QoL Conclusion: In conclusion, the literature collectively emphasizes the intricate interplay between HCC management and quality of life. There is a clear need for continued research and enhanced clinical practices that prioritize patient-centered care, effective communication, and the integration of psychosocial support to improve the overall QoL for individuals living with HCC.
A Comprehensive Literature Review of Prevention of Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia in Older Adults Erick Persson Jeffry; Charles Sanjaya Seikka
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/zhaj4q59

Abstract

Background: The prevention and management of osteoporosis and sarcopenia in older adults has garnered significant attention in recent years, as these conditions are increasingly recognized as critical public health issues affecting the aging population. Literature Review: The connection between sarcopenia and osteoporosis is elaborated upon by (A. Greco et al., 2019), who emphasize the role of resistance exercise in stimulating muscle hypertrophy and the importance of key nutrients, such as protein and vitamin D, in preventing these conditions. In addition, the systematic reviews conducted by (E. Rus et al., 2020) and (Mareschal et al., 2020) reveal that nutritional interventions, particularly in hospital settings, are crucial in combating the high prevalence of sarcopenia among older adults. Moreover, the importance of routine assessments of bone and muscle health in geriatric care is emphasized by (Barnsley et al., 2021), advocating for comprehensive interventions that address both osteoporosis and sarcopenia to improve health outcomes. Finally, the review by (Hou & Madden, 2022) highlights the effectiveness of dietary protein supplementation in conjunction with exercise for sarcopenic older adults, suggesting that combined interventions can lead to significant improvements in muscle mass and strength. However, the need for further research to optimize these strategies for different populations within the aging demographic is acknowledged. Conclusion: In conclusion, the literature collectively emphasizes that a holistic approach combining nutrition and physical activity is essential for the effective prevention and management of osteoporosis and sarcopenia in older adults. Such integrated strategies not only aim to enhance muscle and bone health but also improve overall quality of life for this vulnerable population.
A Comprehensive Literature Review of Relationship of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Celiac Disease Erick Persson Jeffry; Charles Sanjaya Seikka
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/1c7e3135

Abstract

Background: The relationship between Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Celiac Disease (CeD) has garnered significant attention in recent research, revealing complex interactions that may inform both pathogenesis and treatment strategies. Literature Review: The variability in prevalence rates of CeD among IBD patients, as reported by (Bengi et al., 2019), underscores the complexity of these diseases and the interplay of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. This is further supported by (Hyun, 2021), who explore the connections between metabolic disorders and IBD, suggesting that chronic intestinal inflammation may predispose individuals to additional health issues, thereby reinforcing the idea of shared inflammatory pathways. Additionally, (Akiyama et al., 2022) elucidates the increased prevalence of CeD in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, indicating that the coexistence of these conditions can influence clinical outcomes. Finally, (Yemula, 2024) emphasizes the role of gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of CeD, suggesting that microbial changes may influence both conditions. The interconnectedness of IBD and CeD is evident, with shared genetic, immunological, and environmental factors driving the relationship. The literature collectively advocates for further research to clarify these interactions and improve patient management strategies, particularly regarding screening and dietary considerations. Conclusion: In conclusion, the relationship between IBD and CeD is characterized by complex interactions influenced by shared genetic predispositions, environmental factors, and dysregulated gut microbiota. The findings underscore the necessity for a nuanced understanding of these conditions to enhance diagnostic approaches and treatment strategies.
A Comprehensive Literature Review of Relationship of Insuline Resistance and Thyroid Cancer Erick Persson Jeffry; Charles Sanjaya Seikka
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/2xadk854

Abstract

Background: The relationship between insulin resistance and thyroid cancer has garnered increasing attention in recent years, as emerging evidence suggests a complex interplay between metabolic disorders and cancer risk. Literature Review: The study by (Malaguarnera et al., 2012) outlines the role of insulin and IGFs in promoting cell proliferation and migration, implicating these factors in tumorigenesis. This perspective is echoed in the literature review by (Shih et al., 2012), which discusses the rising incidence of thyroid cancer, particularly in small tumors, and emphasizes the need to investigate the role of diabetes and metabolic syndrome further. The meta-analysis conducted by (Yeo et al., 2014) reinforces the association between diabetes and thyroid cancer, suggesting that insulin resistance may be a significant contributor to this risk. Meanwhile, (Chiefari et al., 2021) explores the mechanisms linking chronic hyperinsulinemia to cancer development, emphasizing the importance of inflammatory processes in this relationship. Recent research by (Xu et al., 2022) specifically isolates the effects of insulin resistance in euthyroid patients, further supporting the notion that insulin resistance is a risk factor for differentiated thyroid cancer. Lastly, (Wu et al., 2024) synthesizes the current understanding of diabetes and thyroid cancer, identifying several mechanisms, including oxidative stress and hyperinsulinemia, that may underlie this association. Conclusion: In conclusion, the reviewed literature collectively underscores the significance of insulin resistance as a potential risk factor for thyroid cancer. It highlights the need for further studies to elucidate the biological mechanisms involved and to explore the implications for prevention and treatment strategies. The complexity of the relationship between metabolic disorders and cancer risk suggests that a multi-faceted approach is necessary for future research.
A Comprehensive Literature Review of The Role Of Leptin In The Pathogenesis Of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Erick Persson Jeffry; Charles Sanjaya Seikka
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/na4bby48

Abstract

Background: The exploration of leptin's role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has garnered increasing attention in recent years, as evidenced by a series of studies that delve into the multifaceted relationships between this adipokine and autoimmune processes. Literature Review: Initial findings by (Francisco et al., 2018) suggest that leptin not only acts as an inflammatory marker but also plays a significant role in modulating immune responses, with leptin deficiency in mouse models protecting against autoantibody production and renal disease. (B. Taylor, 2021) expands on the pro-inflammatory effects of leptin, particularly its role in promoting Th1 and Th17 responses while diminishing Treg activity, a dysregulation observed in various autoimmune diseases, including SLE. The systematic review by highlights the complexity of leptin's role, indicating that it may function both as a pro-inflammatory and regulatory factor in SLE. This duality suggests that further research is needed to clarify the context-dependent effects of leptin on immune responses (). (M Kamel et al., 2023) contribute to this discussion by examining the association between serum leptin and disease activity in Egyptian SLE patients, reiterating the potential of leptin as a biomarker for disease progression, particularly in those with nephritis ((M Kamel et al., 2023)). Conclusion: In conclusion, the collected literature underscores the critical role of leptin in the pathogenesis of SLE, positioning it as both a biomarker and a potential therapeutic target. The evidence suggests that elevated leptin levels contribute to the dysregulation of immune responses characteristic of SLE, particularly through their impact on Treg populations and inflammatory pathways. However, the complexity of leptin's role necessitates further investigation to fully elucidate its mechanisms and implications for therapeutic interventions in SLE.
A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Risk Factor and Management Approach of Gout Arthritis in General Practice Rini Armaida Purba; Charles Sanjaya Seikka
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/jacyfa67

Abstract

Background: Gout arthritis is a chronic inflammatory joint disease caused by the accumulation of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. The main factor that triggers the formation of MSU crystals is high serum uric acid levels (hyperuricemia). This systematic review aims to identify and analyze the risk factors, management, and prevention of gout arthritis based on literature published in the last ten years. Methods: This study followed the PRISMA 2020 standard, examining English-language literature from 2015 to 2025. This study excluded editorials, reviews from the same journal, and submissions without DOI. PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar were used as literature sources. Results: Initially obtaining 360 articles from online databases (PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar), eight relevant papers were selected after three rounds of screening for full-text analysis. Conclusions: Treatment of gouty arthritis is done through a combination of pharmacological therapy and lifestyle changes. Prevention involves managing risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, and alcohol consumption. Education and appropriate long-term treatment can reduce attacks and improve the patient's quality of life.
The Analysis Study of Diet and Lifestyle Interventions for Insulin Resistance Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver: A Comprehensive Systematic Review Aprilia Indah Purnomo; Charles Sanjaya Seikka
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/x8xtak54

Abstract

Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease globally, affecting 20–30% of adults in developed countries and rising to 75% in individuals with obesity and 50–75% in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The disease ranges from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and may progress to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver failure. Insulin resistance (IR) plays a central role in its progression. This review examines the effects of diet and lifestyle interventions on IR and liver function in NAFLD patients. Methods: A systematic review adhering to PRISMA 2020 guidelines was conducted. Studies from 2015 to 2025 focusing on dietary or lifestyle interventions in NAFLD patients were included. Outcomes assessed included changes in IR (via HOMA-IR) and liver function (ALT, AST, GGT). Results: Eight relevant studies were included. Dietary interventions, such as the Mediterranean diet and calorie restriction, along with physical exercise, showed significant improvements in IR and liver function. Combined interventions yielded better outcomes compared to single-modality approaches. Discussion: Dietary interventions (Mediterranean diet, low-fat diet) and exercise (aerobic and resistance) significantly impact IR and liver function. The findings highlight the importance of individualized, comprehensive lifestyle interventions for NAFLD management. Conclusion: This review shows the effectiveness of diet and lifestyle interventions in managing NAFLD through improvements in insulin sensitivity and liver health. Combined approaches should be prioritized to optimize patient outcomes and long-term adherence to treatment.
Co-Authors Aprilia Indah Purnomo Calista Giovani Erick Persson Jeffry Intan Ayuningtyas Priparty Intan Sukma Siringoringo Radiasti Maharani Ridho Prip Trijasa Siringoringo Rini Armaida Purba Risca Hijrianti