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All Journal Jurnal Keperawatan Soedirman (The Soedirman Journal of Nursing) Holistic Nursing PLUS
Mohamad, Nur Afiqah
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Health Professions Nursing

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The Synergistic Effect of Warm Salt Footbath and Foot-Ankle Exercises in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Study Protocol for Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial Sirait, Healthy Seventina; Said, Faridah Mohd; Mohamad, Nur Afiqah
Jurnal Keperawatan Soedirman Vol 19 No 3 (2024): Jurnal Keperawatan Soedirman (JKS)
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu-ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.jks.2024.19.3.12828

Abstract

Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) experience issues with their sleep quality and elevated level of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Warm salt footbaths and foot-ankle exercises play a significant role in addressing inflammation and improving sleep quality. Nevertheless, no studies have examined the synergistic effects of warm salt footbaths and foot-ankle exercises. This study aims to investigate the synergistic effects of warm footbath water and foot-ankle exercises on sleep quality and NLR. A randomized controlled trial with a total of 108 individuals with T2DM randomly assigned to one four groups: a warm salt footbath, a foot-ankle exercises, a combination of both interventions, or a control group. The interventions administered over a period of 4 weeks (three times per week). Evaluations were performed by blinded evaluators at baseline, as well as after 2 and 4 weeks of interventions. Chi-squared test, one-way analysis of variance, and generalized estimating equations were employed for data analysis. The results of this trial were expected to elucidate the synergistic effects of warm salt water footbath and foot-ankle exercises on sleep quality and NLR. Furthermore, the combination of warm salt water footbaths and foot-ankle exercises is more effective either intervention alone or conventional treatment.
Non-Pharmacology Therapy For Reducing Vascular Inflammation Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patient: A Literature Review Sirait, Healthy Seventina; Said, Faridah Mohd; Mohamad, Nur Afiqah
Holistic Nursing Plus Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Holistic Nursing Plus
Publisher : Sahabat Publikasi Kuu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58439/hnp.v3i1.359

Abstract

Backgrund: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic condition marked by persistently high blood sugar levels. Chronic inflammation in blood vessels is a significant concern, leading to cardiovascular complications. Pharmacological therapies have side effects, and non-pharmacological therapies are gaining interest. This study aimed to identify effective non-pharmacological therapies to reduce vascular inflammation in T2DM patients and understand their mechanisms. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted, searching articles published between 2015 and 2025 in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria were studies on T2DM patients, written in English or Indonesian, and meeting quality thresholds. Results: The search identified 1152 articles. After a multi-step screening process following the PRISMA framework, a final set of articles was selected for analysis. The review identified various non-pharmacological therapies, including physical therapy interventions (FIR therapy, acupuncture, hydrotherapy), exercise training (HIIT with RT, MCT with RT, yoga), and lifestyle/nutritional interventions (diabetes education, MNT, yoga). These therapies improved blood circulation, reduced inflammation markers, enhanced metabolic function, and improved glycemic control. Discussion: Non-pharmacological therapies offer promising strategies for managing T2DM. FIR therapy
Co-Authors Said, Faridah Mohd Sirait, Healthy Seventina