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All Journal IJEMS (Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability) Indonesian Journal of Material Research
Putri, Bunga Indah
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Public Health

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Comparative Study of Biochar and Hydrochar Derived from Agricultural Waste: Characterization and Chemical Properties Palapa, Neza Rahayu; Hanifah, Yulizah; Amri; Putri, Bunga Indah
Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): March
Publisher : Magister Program of Material Science, Graduate School of Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/ijems.2024.8.1.34-38

Abstract

Carbonaceous substances, including hydrochar and biochar, have been produced from agricultural residue via hydrothermal and pyrolysis processes. The surface morphology of the materials was assessed using FTIR, XRD, BET, and SEM techniques. The identification of diffraction peaks at approximately 22° by XRD analysis suggested the existence of carbonaceous material. This is confirmed by FTIR analysis, which identifies cellulose vibration at 2931 cm?1. The results of the SEM analysis revealed that BC-Rice husk and HYC-Rice husk are heterogeneous in shape and surface area; conversely, HYC-Rambutan and Duku have a uniform, ball-like shape and aggregate. This is further corroborated by surface area data, which indicates that the material composed of rice husk has a larger surface area than the material composed of fruit peel.
Hydrothermal Carbonization of Eucheuma cottonii for Selective Adsorption of Anionic Dyes Putri, Bunga Indah; Arsyad, Fitri Suryani; Lesbani, Aldes
Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability Vol. 8 No. 4 (2024): December
Publisher : Magister Program of Material Science, Graduate School of Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/ijems.2024.8.4.154-165

Abstract

The contamination of wastewater with synthetic dyes, particularly anionic dyes, poses a significant environmental challenge due to their persistence and difficulty in removal. Traditional adsorbents are often expensive or inefficient, driving the need for sustainable, eco-friendly alternatives. In response to this problem, this study explores the use of Eucheuma cottonii, a fast-growing and widely available macroalgae, as a raw material for producing hydrochar through hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). The goal is to develop a renewable and effective adsorbent capable of selectively removing anionic dyes from contaminated water. Hydrochar was synthesized at two different HTC temperatures, 150°C and 250°C, and its surface properties were characterized using FT-IR and BET analyses. Adsorption experiments were conducted on four anionic dyes-Congo Red (CR), Direct Yellow (DY), Methyl Orange (MO), and Direct Green (DG)-under varying pH, contact time, dye concentration, and temperature conditions. The hydrochar produced at 250°C (HC-250) demonstrated the highest surface area and pore volume, leading to superior adsorption performance, particularly for DY. Kinetic studies revealed a chemisorption-driven mechanism, while thermodynamic analysis confirmed the adsorption process to be spontaneous and endothermic, with both chemisorption and physisorption contributing to dye removal. The adsorption behavior followed the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating monolayer adsorption, with minimal interaction between adsorbed molecules. Regeneration tests confirmed that Eucheuma cottonii hydrochar could be reused over multiple cycles with minimal efficiency loss. Future work could optimize the HTC process by adjusting pressure, heating rates, and pre-treatment methods to improve adsorption properties. Incorporating nanomaterials or metal oxides could enhance adsorption for a wider range of pollutants, while machine learning could predict adsorption behavior under different conditions. Additionally, exploring the hydrochar’s use in energy storage or as a catalyst offers promising applications. Life-cycle assessments (LCAs) and techno-economic analyses (TEAs) will be vital for assessing scalability and environmental impact, positioning Eucheuma cottonii hydrochar as a sustainable, multifunctional material for industrial applications.
Eucheuma Cottonii Hydrochar: A Promising Adsorbent for Congo Red Dye Putri, Bunga Indah; Arsyad, Fitri Suryani; Hanifah, Yulizah; Ahmad, Nur
Indonesian Journal of Material Research Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): July
Publisher : Magister Program of Material Science Graduate School of Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/ijmr.20253264

Abstract

This study investigates the transformation of Eucheuma cottonii (EC) into a highly efficient adsorbent through hydrothermal carbonization at 200°C, resulting in hydrochar (HC-200). The FT-IR analysis reveals significant structural changes, including reduced intensity of oxygenated functional groups such as carbonyl and hydroxyl, alongside increased aromaticity, contributing to enhanced hydrophobicity and structural stability. These alterations render HC-200 well-suited for adsorption applications. BET analysis highlights a marked increase in the specific surface area and mesoporosity of HC-200 compared to EC, with hysteresis loops confirming enhanced adsorption capacity. SEM imaging shows substantial morphological changes, including rougher surfaces, increased porosity, and the presence of spheroidal structures, indicative of successful carbonization and improved diffusivity. Adsorption studies underline HC-200's superior performance in anionic dye removal, with a maximum adsorption capacity 37.894 mg/g. pHpzc analysis demonstrates more acidic surface characteristics, which favor adsorption in acidic conditions. Adsorption kinetics align predominantly with the pseudo-second-order model, indicating chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. The regeneration study shows HC-200's excellent reusability, maintaining significant adsorption efficiency over seven cycles, whereas EC experiences a steep decline in performance.
Co-Authors Aldes Lesbani Amri Arsyad, Fitri Suryani Hanifah, Yulizah Nur Ahmad, Nur