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Perdagangan Bilateral Filipina-Amerika: Dinamika, Hambatan dan Prospek Masa Depan Periode 2022-2024 Rizky, Ramadhan Bagas; Alya, Haura Inas; Rahmatulummah, Alia
Business Economic, Communication, and Social Sciences Journal (BECOSS) Vol. 6 No. 3 (2024): BECOSS
Publisher : Bina Nusantara University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21512/becossjournal.v6i3.12111

Abstract

This study examines the dynamics of trade relations between the Philippines and the United States during the leadership of President Bongbong Marcos, the 17th President of the Philippines. The primary objective of this research is to identify obstacles, challenges, and opportunities in the bilateral relations of the two nations, with a particular focus on political, economic, and security aspects. Employing the theories of liberalism and complex interdependence, the study explores how economic cooperation and mutual dependence influence trade policy relations between the Philippines and the United States. The research uses a qualitative descriptive method, involving an in-depth analysis of data and information related to trade policies, bilateral agreements, and external factors that may affect relations during President Bongbong Marcos's administration. The findings reveal that, despite progress in trade cooperation, obstacles such as protectionist policies and global economic instability remain significant challenges. Future prospects indicate substantial growth potential if both nations can overcome these barriers through constructive dialogue and mutually beneficial policy reforms. A limitation of this study lies in the uncertainty of Philippine-U.S. relations due to frequent political dynamics. However, the impact of this research lies in its ability to anticipate the continuation of Philippine-U.S. relations through insights derived from field data.
IRAN DAN KONFLIK PALESTINA: ANTARA DUKUNGAN RETORIS DAN KETERBATASAN TINDAKAN MILITER Munawwarah, Siti Ruyatul; Rahmatulummah, Alia
Mumtaz: Jurnal Studi Al-Quran dan Keislaman Vol 9, No 1 (2025): Mumtaz: Jurnal Studi Al-Qur'an dan Keislaman
Publisher : Institut PTIQ Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36671/mumtaz.v9i1.1010

Abstract

The Palestinian conflict is a central issue in Iran’s foreign policy, with Tehran consistently voicing support for the Palestinian struggle, primarily through anti-Israel rhetoric. From a realist perspective, Iran's policy on this conflict is driven by its national interest in expanding influence in the Middle East and challenging the dominance of Israel and its allies. However, despite providing financial, logistical, and military support to groups such as Hamas and Islamic Jihad, Iran’s direct military involvement remains limited. Factors within the concept of regional security, such as the balance of power, international pressure, and the risk of conflict escalation with Israel and its Western allies, restrict Iran's direct military actions. This study finds that Iran's policy toward Palestine is more symbolic and strategic in the context of domestic politics and regional alliances rather than direct military engagement. Thus, Iran relies more on an asymmetric approach by supporting non-state actors rather than engaging in open confrontation.
IRAN DAN KONFLIK PALESTINA: ANTARA DUKUNGAN RETORIS DAN KETERBATASAN TINDAKAN MILITER Munawwarah, Siti Ruyatul; Rahmatulummah, Alia
Mumtaz: Jurnal Studi Al-Quran dan Keislaman Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): Mumtaz: Jurnal Studi Al-Qur'an dan Keislaman
Publisher : Pascasarjana Universitas PTIQ Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Konflik Palestina merupakan isu sentral dalam kebijakan luar negeri Iran, yang secara konsisten menyuarakan dukungan terhadap perjuangan Palestina, terutama melalui retorika anti-Israel. Dalam perspektif realisme, kebijakan Iran terhadap konflik ini didorong oleh kepentingan nasionalnya untuk memperluas pengaruh di Timur Tengah serta menantang dominasi Israel dan sekutunya. Namun, meskipun Iran memberikan dukungan finansial, logistik, dan persenjataan kepada kelompok-kelompok seperti Hamas dan Jihad Islam, keterlibatan militernya tetap terbatas. Faktor-faktor dalam konsep keamanan regional, seperti keseimbangan kekuatan, tekanan internasional, dan ancaman eskalasi konflik dengan Israel dan sekutu Baratnya, membatasi tindakan militer Iran secara langsung. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan Iran terhadap Palestina lebih bersifat simbolik dan strategis dalam konteks politik domestik dan aliansi kawasan dibandingkan dengan keterlibatan militer langsung. Dengan demikian, Iran lebih mengandalkan pendekatan asimetris melalui dukungan terhadap aktor non-negara dibandingkan dengan konfrontasi terbuka.