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Asari, Yunita Dwi
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Engineering

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Effectiveness of Triethanolamine as Emulsifier in Chamomile Lotion Stability Asari, Yunita Dwi; Nur’ Aini, Laela; Ikmalanas, Salma; Paramita, Vita
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research 2024: JVSAR, Volume 6 Issue 1 Year 2024 (April 2024)
Publisher : Vocational College of Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jvsar.v6i1.23712

Abstract

Lotion is a cosmetic product with a lighter consistency than cream, consisting of a mixture of oil phase and water phase, with emulsifying ingredients, moisturizers, active substances, and fragrances. Its function is to hydrate the skin, reduce irritation, and protect from environmental influences. Chamomile extract and niacinamide provide additional benefits, such as anti-inflammatory characteristics and increased skin moisture. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of triethanolamine (TEA) as an emulsifier in lotion stability during storage, as well as the effect of stirring temperature on lotion quality. The research method used a 2 x 3 factorial design quantitatively. Of the 8 lotion formulas tested, only formula 3 met the standard requirements of organoleptically, pH, specific gravity and homogeneity tests. This formula has a TEA volume of 2 ml, mixing time for 25 minutes at 70℃, pH 8, foam texture, slightly yellow-green color, specific gravity 0.972, and homogeneity. This formula provides a moisturizing effect on the skin without side effects
Optimization of Natural Lip Tint Formulation Using Red Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and Waru Leaves (Hibiscus tiliaceus L.) Extracts with Enhanced Sun Protection Factor Asari, Yunita Dwi; Gothicardo, Devano; Wibisono, Enggar Sulistyo; Hartati, Indah; Paramita, Vita
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research 2025: JVSAR, Volume 7 Issue 1 Year 2025 (April 2025)
Publisher : Vocational College of Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jvsar.v7i1.28440

Abstract

This study aimed to optimize the formulation of a natural lip tint utilizing red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and Waru leaves (Hibiscus tiliaceus L.) extracts, with ZnO incorporated to enhance sun protection performance. The optimization was carried out using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), employing three independent variables—extract ratio (1:2, 1:3, 1:4), homogenization speed (5,000–12,000 rpm), and homogenization time (4–10 min)—ultimately generating 16 formulation trials. Key phytochemical responses, including betacyanin, anthocyanin, and SPF, alongside stability parameters (pH, viscosity, and density), were systematically evaluated to assess formulation performance. The optimal formulation containing ZnO (F6) produced 0.0129% betacyanin, 0.0590% anthocyanin, and an SPF value of 18.1, whereas the optimal formulation without ZnO (F15) yielded 0.0140% betacyanin, 0.0428% anthocyanin, and an SPF value of 12.7. The RSM optimization model further predicted betacyanin, anthocyanin, and SPF values of 0.0104%, 0.0593%, and 13.89 for formulations with ZnO, and 0.0109%, 0.0434%, and 11.05 for formulations without ZnO. These outcomes demonstrate that extract ratio and homogenization conditions play a critical role in determining pigment concentration, stability, and UV-protective performance, confirming the feasibility of developing a plant-based lip tint with improved functional properties through ZnO-enhanced formulation optimization.
Co-Authors Gothicardo, Devano Ikmalanas, Salma Indah Hartati Nur’ Aini, Laela Vita Paramita Wibisono, Enggar Sulistyo