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All Journal Verity: Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional (International Relations Journal) GENEVA: Jurnal Teologi dan Misi
Manlee, Chrystle Feodore
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Religion Humanities Education Environmental Science Social Sciences Other

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ANALYZING COLONIAL REMNANTS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INDONESIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (1950–1980) Manlee, Chrystle Feodore; Kurniawan, Fransisca Elvanty
Verity: Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional (International Relations Journal) Vol. 16 No. 32 (2024): July - December
Publisher : Universitas Pelita Harapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19166/verity.v16i32.9099

Abstract

The Global South has always been a running contributor to the global inequality index, becoming a threat to international stability and sustainability. In most cases, it is found that colonial dependency is one major factor that causes this hindrance in development, leading to inequality. In its journey to independence, Indonesia had undergone a strict economic system under Dutch colonialism, and further transitioned to two different governing systems before its reformation, producing different outcomes of economic policy management and spread of inequality. Thus, this research wishes to understand the differences of economic system governance between the Soekarno and Soeharto era, and whether they possess any remnants of colonial dependency integrated within them. The Dependency Theory is used in this research with the concepts of postcolonialism, development, and inequality embedded into the discussions. The data of this research is gathered through academic literature, utilizing a qualitative approach, and is conducted with a descriptive and historical comparative approach. This research finds that Dutch colonialism contributed a major role in how Indonesia manages its economic strategies and how it impacts its high social and economic inequality. Further stretching to post-independence, it is found that Soekarno's decoupling of Western values translated worse into the economy, compared to Soeharto's Western-centric approaches to trade. The root causes of colonial dependencies and habits affect the outcome of economic habits, and thus contribute to the efficiencies of how Indonesia manages its economy during the period before reformation.
THE RISE OF RELIGIOUS CONSERVATISM IN THE U.S. SINCE THE PRESIDENCY OF DONALD TRUMP Jenny; Manlee, Chrystle Feodore
GENEVA: JURNAL TEOLOGI DAN MISI Vol. 14 No. 2 (2024): JURNAL GENEVA
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Injili Abdi Allah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71361/gjtm.v14i2.127

Abstract

It has long been understood that there is something peculiar, even paradoxical, about conservatism in America. For most Europeans who came to America, the whole purpose of their difficult and disruptive journey to the New World was not to conserve European institutions but to leave them behind and to create something new, often an entirely new life, and even a new identity, for themselves. Conservatives have been divided into: (1) those who are most concerned about economic or fiscal issues, that is, pro-business or “free-enterprise” conservatives; (2) those most concerned with religious or social issues, that is, pro-church or “traditional-values” conservatives; and (3) those most concerned with national-security or defense issues, that is, pro-military or “patriotic” conservatives. For a while, especially during the 1980s, it may have seemed that these three kinds of conservatives were natural allies, that they had an “elective affinity” for each other, and that there was no significant contradiction between them. In a pattern similar to that of economic conservatism, in Europe an established state church shaped religious and moral conditions. In America, particularly after the adoption of the U.S. Constitution, religious and moral conditions were instead shaped by the separation of church and state and even by religious pluralism. Following the 2016 presidential election of Donald Trump, many scholars have recognised the crucial role of Christian evangelical support for his triumphed victor. Here, we realize there is an interesting relation between faith and politics in the American voting system. the underlying arguments that we wish to portray in this article is: 1) that Trump facilitated more religious conservatives through a socially constructed approach, and 2) that this approach of conservatism has further led to the decline of U.S. social and political legitimacy due to the massive social issues that happened.
Co-Authors Jenny Kurniawan, Fransisca Elvanty