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Magaji, Muhammad Garba
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Medicine & Pharmacology

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Exploring the Antimalarial Efficacy of Globimetula oreophila Leaf Fractions in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice: In Vivo Approach Garba, Dauda; Ali, Bila Hassan; Bawa, Bashar; Sanusi, Abdulrazaq; Sani, Yahaya Mohammed; Magaji, Muhammad Garba; Abdullahi, Musa Isma’il; Musa, Aliyu Muhammad; Sadiya, Hassan Halimatu
Sciences of Phytochemistry Volume 3 Issue 2
Publisher : ETFLIN Publishing House

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58920/sciphy0302262

Abstract

The development of parasite resistance to first-line antimalarial medicines, especially the Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), has made the research and development of novel antimalarial medications vital. Globimetula oreophila, a plant used in traditional medicine to treat malaria, is a natural product that may provide new antimalarial drugs with fewer side effects, greater efficacy and lower risk of resistance than synthetic drugs. This study aims to evaluate the antiplasmodial properties of G. oreophila's fractions. The plant leaves were air-dried and reduced in size using a pestle and mortar. The pulverized plant was macerated in 70% ethanol and fractionated with solvent in increasing polarity of n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol to produce the various fractions. The antiplasmodial activity of the n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions of G. oreophila leaf extract was assessed using an in vivo method in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice via prophylactic, suppressive, and curative test. The fractions' median lethal dose (LD50) was estimated to be greater than 5000 mg/kg in mice. The median effective dose (ED50) of the fractions at doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg produced a significant (p<0.001) decrease in the level of parasitemia. The ethyl acetate fraction had the best antiplasmodium activity compared to other plant fractions. The fractions of G. oreophila showed significant in vivo antiplasmodial activity, which upholds the earlier in vivo findings for the crude extract and its folkloric use. Further study should be carried out to isolate active secondary metabolites responsible for this observed antimalarial activity in all four investigated fractions.
Antimalarial Activity of Globimetula oreophila Compounds: In Silico Docking Investigations on Plasmodium falciparum Protease Dauda, Garba; Ali, Bila Hassan; Bawa, Bashar; Abdullahi, Maryam; Hamza, Asmau Nasiru; Sani, Yahaya Mohammed; Magaji, Muhammad Garba; Abdullahi, Musa Isma’il; Musa, Aliyu Muhammad; Hassan, Halimatu Sadiya
Sciences of Phytochemistry Volume 4 Issue 2
Publisher : ETFLIN Publishing House

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58920/sciphy0402314

Abstract

Malaria remains a major global health challenge due to its high morbidity and mortality, further complicated by growing antimalarial drug resistance. Natural products are being increasingly explored as potential sources of new therapies, with malarial proteases emerging as promising targets due to their essential roles in parasite development, invasion, egress, and hemoglobin degradation. This study evaluates the inhibitory potential of five compounds, quercetrin (DG1), dihydrostilbene (DG2), 4′-methoxy-isoliquiritigenin (DG3), stigmasterol (DG4), and quercetin (DG5), isolated from Globimetula oreophila leaves, using in silico docking against Plasmodium falciparum enzymes. Targets included falcipain-2 and falcipain-3 (cysteine proteases), SERA5 (hemoglobin-processing enzyme), PfDHFR-TS (bifunctional enzyme), and PfCDPK2 (kinase). Docking revealed strong binding affinities through hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions. DG4 showed a high affinity for PfDHFR (-10.3 kcal/mol), comparable to cycloguanil (-10.7 kcal/mol), while DG1 bound firmly to falcipain-2 (-7.9 kcal/mol), falcipain-3 (-7.5 kcal/mol), and PfCDPK2 (-9.0 kcal/mol). Binding to SERA5 ranged from -6.0 to -6.8 kcal/mol. These findings suggest that the tested compounds may act as inhibitors of vital P. falciparum enzymes, holding promise for the development of antimalarial drugs.
Co-Authors Abdullahi, Maryam Abdullahi, Musa Isma’il Ali, Bila Hassan Bawa, Bashar Dauda, Garba Garba, Dauda Hamza, Asmau Nasiru Hassan, Halimatu Sadiya Musa, Aliyu Muhammad Sadiya, Hassan Halimatu Sani, Yahaya Mohammed Sanusi, Abdulrazaq