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Musa, Aliyu Muhammad
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Medicine & Pharmacology

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Exploring the Antimalarial Efficacy of Globimetula oreophila Leaf Fractions in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice: In Vivo Approach Garba, Dauda; Ali, Bila Hassan; Bawa, Bashar; Sanusi, Abdulrazaq; Sani, Yahaya Mohammed; Magaji, Muhammad Garba; Abdullahi, Musa Isma’il; Musa, Aliyu Muhammad; Sadiya, Hassan Halimatu
Sciences of Phytochemistry Volume 3 Issue 2
Publisher : ETFLIN Publishing House

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58920/sciphy0302262

Abstract

The development of parasite resistance to first-line antimalarial medicines, especially the Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), has made the research and development of novel antimalarial medications vital. Globimetula oreophila, a plant used in traditional medicine to treat malaria, is a natural product that may provide new antimalarial drugs with fewer side effects, greater efficacy and lower risk of resistance than synthetic drugs. This study aims to evaluate the antiplasmodial properties of G. oreophila's fractions. The plant leaves were air-dried and reduced in size using a pestle and mortar. The pulverized plant was macerated in 70% ethanol and fractionated with solvent in increasing polarity of n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol to produce the various fractions. The antiplasmodial activity of the n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions of G. oreophila leaf extract was assessed using an in vivo method in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice via prophylactic, suppressive, and curative test. The fractions' median lethal dose (LD50) was estimated to be greater than 5000 mg/kg in mice. The median effective dose (ED50) of the fractions at doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg produced a significant (p<0.001) decrease in the level of parasitemia. The ethyl acetate fraction had the best antiplasmodium activity compared to other plant fractions. The fractions of G. oreophila showed significant in vivo antiplasmodial activity, which upholds the earlier in vivo findings for the crude extract and its folkloric use. Further study should be carried out to isolate active secondary metabolites responsible for this observed antimalarial activity in all four investigated fractions.
Inhibition of Phospholipase A2 by Dihydrostilbene Glycoside Isolated from the Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Indigofera capitata: Structural Insights from IR and NMR Dauda, Maryam Mahmud; Dauda, Garba; Abdullahi, Sakynah Musa; sada, Hadiza; Sule, Mohammed Ibrahim; Hassan, Halimatu Sadiya; Musa, Aliyu Muhammad
Sciences of Phytochemistry Volume 3 Issue 1
Publisher : ETFLIN Publishing House

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58920/sciphy0301305

Abstract

Snakebites and subsequent envenomations remain a significant health challenge, especially in rural regions of underdeveloped countries, where they contribute to high mortality rates. In Nigeria, particularly in rural areas, the scarcity of healthcare facilities and antivenoms exacerbates the issue. Rural communities commonly seek traditional plant-based remedies due to their affordability and cultural significance. This study investigates the ethyl acetate fraction of Indigofera capitata, a plant traditionally used to treat snakebites, for its potential to inhibit phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity. Chromatographic separation of the ethyl acetate fraction led to the isolation of a greenish solid substance, coded MM2, identified as 3-methoxyl, 5, 4', 5' trihydroxyl, 6' pentyl-4-O-glycopyranoside through chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. The inhibition of PLA2 was assessed using an in vitro acidimetric assay. Compound MM2 was tested at 1 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/mL, and 0.01 mg/mL. The highest inhibition of 47.37% was observed at 1 mg/mL. At 0.1 mg/mL, the inhibition decreased to 36.84%, indicating reduced efficacy. Interestingly, at 0.01 mg/mL, the inhibition returned to 47.37%, suggesting that the enzyme inhibition by MM2 is concentration-independent within the tested range. The promising PLA2 inhibition observed with compound MM2 supports its potential as an antivenom agent. This research highlights the therapeutic potential of I. capitata in addressing the global snakebite crisis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report documenting this compound's isolation, characterization, and antivenin screening.
Antimalarial Activity of Globimetula oreophila Compounds: In Silico Docking Investigations on Plasmodium falciparum Protease Dauda, Garba; Ali, Bila Hassan; Bawa, Bashar; Abdullahi, Maryam; Hamza, Asmau Nasiru; Sani, Yahaya Mohammed; Magaji, Muhammad Garba; Abdullahi, Musa Isma’il; Musa, Aliyu Muhammad; Hassan, Halimatu Sadiya
Sciences of Phytochemistry Volume 4 Issue 2
Publisher : ETFLIN Publishing House

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58920/sciphy0402314

Abstract

Malaria remains a major global health challenge due to its high morbidity and mortality, further complicated by growing antimalarial drug resistance. Natural products are being increasingly explored as potential sources of new therapies, with malarial proteases emerging as promising targets due to their essential roles in parasite development, invasion, egress, and hemoglobin degradation. This study evaluates the inhibitory potential of five compounds, quercetrin (DG1), dihydrostilbene (DG2), 4′-methoxy-isoliquiritigenin (DG3), stigmasterol (DG4), and quercetin (DG5), isolated from Globimetula oreophila leaves, using in silico docking against Plasmodium falciparum enzymes. Targets included falcipain-2 and falcipain-3 (cysteine proteases), SERA5 (hemoglobin-processing enzyme), PfDHFR-TS (bifunctional enzyme), and PfCDPK2 (kinase). Docking revealed strong binding affinities through hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions. DG4 showed a high affinity for PfDHFR (-10.3 kcal/mol), comparable to cycloguanil (-10.7 kcal/mol), while DG1 bound firmly to falcipain-2 (-7.9 kcal/mol), falcipain-3 (-7.5 kcal/mol), and PfCDPK2 (-9.0 kcal/mol). Binding to SERA5 ranged from -6.0 to -6.8 kcal/mol. These findings suggest that the tested compounds may act as inhibitors of vital P. falciparum enzymes, holding promise for the development of antimalarial drugs.
Co-Authors Abdullahi, Maryam Abdullahi, Musa Isma’il Abdullahi, Sakynah Musa Ali, Bila Hassan Bawa, Bashar Dauda, Garba Dauda, Maryam Mahmud Garba, Dauda Hamza, Asmau Nasiru Hassan, Halimatu Sadiya Magaji, Muhammad Garba sada, Hadiza Sadiya, Hassan Halimatu Sani, Yahaya Mohammed Sanusi, Abdulrazaq Sule, Mohammed Ibrahim