Muhammad, Noor Azimah
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Validity study of the EPOCH Measure of Adolescent Well-being in Malaysian samples Yusoff, Siti Rashidah; Hoesni, Suzana Mohd; Rosharudin, Nur Afrina; Muhammad, Noor Azimah
Psikohumaniora: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Psychology and Health - Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/pjpp.v9i1.20541

Abstract

The EPOCH (Engagement, Perseverance, Optimism, Connectedness, Happiness) Measure of Adolescent Well-being is a newly developed scale designed to evaluate adolescent well-being and positive functioning. This study assesses its validity and reliability in a Malay language version. A total of 444 participants (189 boys and 255 girls) aged 13 and 14 were recruited from public schools in Malaysia. The EPOCH measure demonstrated excellent construct, convergent, concurrent, and discriminant validity, as well as reliability, in the sample. Confirmatory factor analysis showed an adequate model fit (CMIN/df = 2.99, RMSEA = .07, CFI = .91, GFI = .90, TLI = .89), while all the subscales had composite reliability above .70, indicating satisfactory convergent validity. The measure and its subscales exhibited significant positive correlations with cognitive reappraisal (CR), ranging from .21 to .31 (p < .01), and negative correlations with expressive suppression (ES), ranging from .04 to .18 (p < .01). Two subscales (engagement and perseverance) showed non-significant correlations with ES, while discriminant validity showed negative correlations with depression, anxiety and stress (r = .14 to .54, p < .01), except for the engagement subscale. It is concluded that the EPOCH measure is valid and reliable for assessing adolescent well-being in Malaysia, providing culturally relevant instruments for such assessment.
Understanding emotion regulation strategies in female adolescents with depressive symptoms: a qualitative study Yusoff, Siti Rashidah; Khairuddin, Khairul Farhah; Mohd Hoesni, Suzana; Rosharudin, Nur Afrina; Mohd Daud, Tuti Iryani; Muhammad, Noor Azimah; Mohd Ali, Manisah; Razman, Mohamad Omar Ihsan; Mohd Kari, Dharatun Nissa Puad; Abdullah, Mohd Pilus
International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) Vol 14, No 5: October 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijere.v14i5.31924

Abstract

In Malaysia, adolescents are at a high risk for depression, with the prevalence rising from 18.3% in 2017 to 26.9% in 2022. Additionally, the proportion of female adolescents affected is significantly higher than male adolescents, with 36.1% of females experiencing depression compared to 17.7% of males. Thus, a qualitative study was conducted to explore the emotion regulation strategies used by female adolescents experiencing depressive symptoms. Semi-structured interviews were performed with 15 female adolescents, aged 14 to 16 years, who had severe depression scores as assessed by the DASS-21. Using purposive sampling, all 15 female adolescents were selected from six public secondary schools in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. The Klang Valley, which includes the two main states of Selangor and Kuala Lumpur, was chosen due to its ranking among the top three states in 2022 with the highest rates of depression symptoms. All responses were recorded and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. The findings revealed that female adolescents employed five emotion regulation strategies: suppressing expression, pampering themselves, seeking support, reorganizing their thoughts, and engaging in negative actions. This study explores the emotional experiences of female adolescents to design feasible and flexible interventions that address a wide range of individual needs.
Validity study of the EPOCH Measure of Adolescent Well-being in Malaysian samples Yusoff, Siti Rashidah; Hoesni, Suzana Mohd; Rosharudin, Nur Afrina; Muhammad, Noor Azimah
Psikohumaniora: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Psychology and Health - Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/pjpp.v9i1.20541

Abstract

The EPOCH (Engagement, Perseverance, Optimism, Connectedness, Happiness) Measure of Adolescent Well-being is a newly developed scale designed to evaluate adolescent well-being and positive functioning. This study assesses its validity and reliability in a Malay language version. A total of 444 participants (189 boys and 255 girls) aged 13 and 14 were recruited from public schools in Malaysia. The EPOCH measure demonstrated excellent construct, convergent, concurrent, and discriminant validity, as well as reliability, in the sample. Confirmatory factor analysis showed an adequate model fit (CMIN/df = 2.99, RMSEA = .07, CFI = .91, GFI = .90, TLI = .89), while all the subscales had composite reliability above .70, indicating satisfactory convergent validity. The measure and its subscales exhibited significant positive correlations with cognitive reappraisal (CR), ranging from .21 to .31 (p < .01), and negative correlations with expressive suppression (ES), ranging from .04 to .18 (p < .01). Two subscales (engagement and perseverance) showed non-significant correlations with ES, while discriminant validity showed negative correlations with depression, anxiety and stress (r = .14 to .54, p < .01), except for the engagement subscale. It is concluded that the EPOCH measure is valid and reliable for assessing adolescent well-being in Malaysia, providing culturally relevant instruments for such assessment.