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REGULATION OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS IN SELF-DEFENSE UNDER ARTICLE 51 OF THE UNITED NATIONS CHARTER Faradilla, Rizka; Adwani, Adwani
Student Journal of International Law Vol 4, No 1: August 2024
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/sjil.v4i1.20676

Abstract

This study examines the regulation and use of chemical weapons in the context of state self-defense, exploring why certain countries resort to chemical weapons to defend against attacks. Conducted as normative legal research, the findings reveal that Article 51 of the United Nations Charter, which addresses self-defense, does not explicitly outline permissible weapons for this purpose. Consequently, many countries continue to utilize chemical weapons, despite their prohibition in warfare. The United Nations should consider amending the Charter, particularly Article 51, to include clearer guidelines on anticipatory self-defense actions. This would help prevent nations from justifying armed attacks for self-serving interests that ultimately harm others.
PENGEMBANGAN HILIRISASI LIMBAH KELAPA DALAM MEWUJUDKAN DESA MANDIRI EKONOMI MELALUI BIKSAPA (BRIKET SERABUT KELAPA) Fahreza, Rafi Achmad; Oktavianti, Anggun; Nurlaili, Hidayatul Alim; Syuhada, Yahya Ayyasy; Sa’adah, Naulus; Rahman, Muhamad Habil; Hidayatullah, Ahmad Syarif; Zahro, Indah Fatimatus; Dewi, Shopiana; Faradilla, Rizka; Prasetyawan, Safa Anindya Kaenori
Jurnal Hasil Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Universitas Jember Vol 3 No 2 (2024): Jurnal Hasil Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Universitas Jember
Publisher : LP2M Universitas Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/jpmunej.v3i2.1525

Abstract

The community service program in Wates Kulon Village, Lumajang Regency, focuses on the utilizationof coconut waste, particularly coconut husks and shells, to produce briquettes as an alternative solid fuel.Coconut waste in the village has been underutilized, leading to lost economic opportunities. The program'sobjectives were to enhance local economic independence by converting coconut waste into high-valuebriquettes and to improve villagers' skills through training and outreach. The activities includedidentifying the village's potential, training on briquette production, and developing effective marketingstrategies, resulting in a profitable and sustainable business model. The findings show that the briquettesproduced have high calorific value and are competitive in the market, with a profit margin of Rp5,553.00per kilogram. The training sessions empowered 43 participants with new technical skills and marketingknowledge, enabling them to generate additional income. The program also received positive feedbackfrom local government officials, aligning with the village's mission to enhance economic welfare throughsustainable resource utilization. Overall, the program successfully contributed to the village's economicindependence by transforming coconut waste into a valuable product, supporting the broader goals ofsustainable development and poverty reduction.
Global longitudinal strain and left ventricular ejection fraction for early detection of chemotherapy-related cardiac dysfunction in breast cancer: A prospective comparison of doxorubicin-based and paclitaxel–carboplatin regimens Faradilla, Rizka; Heriansyah, Teuku; Novita, Novita; Munirwan, Haris; Fitra, Maha
Narra J Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): August 2026
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v6i2.3095

Abstract

Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is widely used in routine practice to assess cardiotoxicity; however, reductions in LVEF often reflect relatively advanced myocardial damage. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) quantifies myocardial deformation and has demonstrated greater sensitivity for identifying early systolic dysfunction, yet comparative evidence on myocardial strain changes between doxorubicin-based regimens and non-anthracycline chemotherapy in breast cancer patients remains limited. The aim of this study was to compare changes in left ventricular GLS and LVEF between breast cancer patients receiving doxorubicin-based chemotherapy and those treated with paclitaxel–carboplatin regimens. A prospective cohort study was conducted among 106 women with histopathologically confirmed breast cancer, who were allocated to receive either a doxorubicin-based regimen (n=53) or a paclitaxel–carboplatin regimen (n=53). Transthoracic echocardiography was performed within seven days before chemotherapy initiation and repeated after four months. Left ventricular GLS was measured using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography from apical views and analyzed offline using the 17-segment model. Baseline GLS values did not differ significantly between the doxorubicin and paclitaxel–carboplatin groups (−20.47±0.45 vs −20.38±0.53; p=0.410). After four months, GLS was significantly reduced in the doxorubicin group compared with the paclitaxel–carboplatin group (−15.04±0.35 vs −19.54±0.50; p<0.001). The change in GLS (ΔGLS) was also greater in the doxorubicin group (5.43±0.12 vs 0.84±0.11; p<0.001). No significant differences were observed in LVEF before chemotherapy (55.26±1.78 vs 55.39±1.99; p=0.720), after chemotherapy (51.32±1.51 vs 51.60±1.64; p=0.359), or in ΔLVEF (p=0.484). In conclusion, doxorubicin-based chemotherapy was associated with early subclinical systolic dysfunction detectable by GLS before measurable LVEF decline, whereas paclitaxel–carboplatin was associated with relatively preserved myocardial deformation. These findings support the incorporation of strain imaging into routine cardiac surveillance for earlier identification and management of chemotherapy-related myocardial injury.