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Widyanto, Bambang
Mesin

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PENGARUH WAKTU AUSTENITISASI PADA PROSES PELARUTAN KARBIDA BAJA MANGAN AUSTENITIK Widyanto, Bambang; Sambas, Achmad
Mesin Vol 22, No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Mesin

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Abstract

Austenitic manganese steel is used for components which need good wear resistance and impact resistance. The application examples of austenitic manganese steel castings are in the mining industries such as rock crusher and dredge buckets, and in transportation industry, this material was used in railroad track work such as frog. However as-cast austenitic manganese steel is brittle with low toughness due to the presence of carbides. Hence, the as-cast austenitic manganese steel should be solution treated to dissolve the carbides into austenite phase, to improve its mechanical properties. Additionally, this research is enriched by using thickness parameter, to understand the influence of the dimension. The chemical composition in the casting process is in accordance with ASTM A 128 grade A. The solution treatment processes was done using a step heating procedure at temperature 575oC and 1050oC and determined heating time. Heating temperatures were determined based on Fe-Mn-C phase diagram and by the previous researches. Holding time was determined based on the literature, and heat transfer simulation result. The effects of the solution treatment were observed in the microstructure, grain size, and hardness of the specimens to obtain the optimal solution treatment that can be used. The objective of this research is to find the suitable heat treatment method in order to produce the desirable material properties and in this case, 160HB was obtained.
Pengaruh Aditif Dalam Larutan Watts Buffer Sitrat Terhadap Karakteristik Deposit Nikel Pada Proses Pelapisan Baja Karbon Rendah [The Influence of Additive on Watts Buffer Sitrate Solution to The Nickel Deposition Characteristic on Low Carbon Steel Plating Process] Widyanto, Bambang; Idamayanti, Dewi
Metalurgi Vol 31, No 3 (2016): Metalurgi Vol. 31 No. 3 Desember 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Metalurgi dan Material - LIPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3910.063 KB) | DOI: 10.14203/metalurgi.v31i3.154

Abstract

Research on the substitution of boric acid with citric acid in Watts electrolyte for nickel electroplating on low carbon steel has been conducted. Nickel was deposited on low carbon steel by electroplating method at 50 °C, pH 4, and the current density 0,17A / cm2 for 5 minutes. The additives that used to produce a bright nickel deposit are sodium lauryl sulfate as a surfactant, saccharin and 2-butyne-1,4- diol as a brightener. The results showed Watts citrate buffer solution can increase the hardness of nickel deposits up to 431 ± 9 VHN, deposits tend to be more brittle and generate porosity. Lauryl sulfate 0.08 g / L can effectively eliminate porosity, slightly increase the hardness of the deposit be 482 ± 4 VHN and tend to be more resilient. Synergies saccharin and 2-butyne-1,4-diol (1.5 to 0.15 g/L) as the brightener produces bright surface and harden up to 587 ± 6 VHN. Adhesion to deposit nickel on low carbon steel is relative strong which has been proved by performing bend test. The use of brightener can play a role as well as grain refinement in the coating process. It is shown by the results of morphological observation surface of nickel deposit that deposit grains with brightener is finer than without brightener. The thickness of deposit can not fully be homogeneous which the middle area is thicker 6.8 to 11 μm than the edge 12-33 μm.AbstrakPenelitian mengenai substitusi asam borat dalam larutan Watts untuk elektroplating nikel telah dilakukan dengan mempergunakan asam sitrat. Nikel didepositkan dengan metode elektroplating pada suhu 50oC, pH 4, dan rapat arus 0,17A/cm2 selama 5 menit. Buffer sitrat dalam larutan Watts meningkatkan kekerasan deposit nikel sampai 431±9 VHN, deposit cenderung lebih getas dan menghasilkan porositas sebagai akibat adsorpsi hidrogen. Aditif yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan deposit bright nickel adalah natrium lauril sulfat sebagai surfaktan, saccharin dan 2-butyne-1,4-diol sebagai brightener. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan natrium lauril sulfat 0,08 g/L efektif dapat menghilangkan porositas, sedikit meningkatkan kekerasan deposit menjadi 482±4 VHN dan cenderung menjadi lebih ulet. Sinergi saccharin dan 2-butyne-1,4-diol (1,5 : 0,15 g/L)sebagai brightener menghasilkan permukaan yang bright dan meningkatkan kekerasannya lagi sampai 587±6 VHN. Daya rekat deposit nikel pada baja karbon rendah relatif kuat yang telah dibuktikan dengan melakukan bend test. Penggunaan brightener dapat berperan juga sebagai grain refinement pada proses pelapisan ini yang ditunjukkan oleh hasil pengamatan morfologi permukaan deposit, dimana butir yang diamati lebih halus bila dibandingkan dengan hasil pelapisan tanpa brightener. Ketebalan deposit yang dihasilkan belum dapat sepenuhnya berada dalam kondisi yang homogen, dimana tebal pada bagian tengah adalah 6,8 – 11 μm dan pada bagian tepi adalah 12 – 33 μm.