Rukmi Widowati, Aisyah
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Tinjauan Yuridis tentang Hak Waris Perdata Anak Hasil dari Tindak Pidana Pemerkosaan Insan Kamil, Azahery; Rukmi Widowati, Aisyah
Zaaken: Journal of Civil and Business Law Vol. 5 No. 3 (2024): Oktober 2024
Publisher : Universitas Jambi, Fakultas Hukum

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/zaaken.v5i3.38418

Abstract

The birth of a child resulting from the criminal act of rape raises complex legal issues, particularly regarding the child's legal status and inheritance rights. From a legal perspective in Indonesia, a child born outside of a legitimate marriage faces various limitations, including inheritance rights from the biological father. This research focuses on the legal status of a child born from a rape crime and the civil inheritance rights the child may possess. The study employs a normative juridical method with qualitative analysis, using an approach based on laws, legal doctrines, and court decisions related to children's rights in similar situations. The research findings reveal that a child born from rape only has a civil legal relationship with the mother, so their inheritance rights are limited to the mother's side of the family. The child's legal status is recognized, but with limitations on inheritance rights from the biological father. The conclusion of this research indicates that an illegitimate child can only inherit if there is a legitimate acknowledgment from either the biological father or mother. However, the Constitutional Court ruling grants illegitimate children the right to inherit without needing official recognition from their biological parents.   Keywords: Civil Inheritance Rights; Out-of-Wedlock Child; Criminal Act of Rape.   Abstrak Lahirnya seorang anak dari tindakan pidana pemerkosaan menimbulkan persoalan hukum yang kompleks, terutama terkait status hukum dan hak waris perdata yang dimiliki oleh anak tersebut. Dilihat dari perspektif hukum di Negara Indonesia, anak yang lahir di luar perkawinan yang sah akan menghadapi berbagai keterbatasan hak, termasuk hak waris dari ayah biologis. Penelitian ini berfokus pada bagaimana status hukum anak yang lahir dari tindak pidana pemerkosaan dan bagaimana hak waris perdata yang dapat diperoleh anak tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan analisis kualitatif menggunakan pendekatan undang-undang, doktrin hukum, serta putusan pengadilan yang terkait dengan hak-hak anak dalam situasi yang serupa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ditemukan bahwa anak yang lahir akibat pemerkosaan hanya memiliki hubungan hukum perdata dengan ibunya, sehingga hak warisnya pun terbatas pada warisan yang berasal dari pihak ibu. Status hukum anak tersebut diakui, namin dengan keterbatasan dalam pengakuan hak waris dari ayah biologis. Simpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa anak luar kawin hanya bisa menjadi pewaris apabila ada pengakuan yang sah dari ayah atau ibu biologisnya. Sedangkan dengan adanya putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi tersebut mengabulkan permohonan anak luar kawin yang tetap menjadi ahli waris tanpa perlu pengakuan yang sah dari orang tua biologisnya.   Kata kunci: Hak Waris Perdata; Anak Luar Kawin; Tindak Pidana Pemerkosaan.
The Legal Study of Land Redistribution Policy as Land Reform Object: State Administrative Law Perspective : Kajian Yuridis atas Kebijakan Redistribusi Tanah Objek Landreform: Perspektif Hukum Administrasi Negara Rukmi Widowati, Aisyah; Insan Kamil, Azahery
Mendapo: Journal of Administrative Law Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): Februari 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/mendapo.v6i1.38322

Abstract

The land redistribution policy under land reform is a government effort to achieve equitable land ownership in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, as well as to improve the welfare of the Indonesian people. In practice, this policy often faces various legal and administrative challenges that can hinder its effectiveness. This study aims to analyze the mechanisms of administrative law in implementing the land redistribution policy under land reform, identify legal and administrative challenges encountered, and evaluate legal protections for beneficiaries in facing disputes or third-party claims. The method used in this research is a normative juridical approach with qualitative analysis techniques. The findings of this article indicate that the administrative law mechanisms in land redistribution still require improvement, particularly in inter-agency coordination and procedural transparency. Legal challenges include unsynchronized regulations, inadequate oversight, and budget limitations, while administrative obstacles relate to complex bureaucracy. Additionally, legal protections for beneficiaries remain suboptimal due to weak legal certainty regarding ownership status and potential conflicts with third parties. The conclusion of this article is that administrative procedure simplification and regulatory strengthening are necessary to ensure the effective implementation of the land redistribution policy. The recommendations provided in this article include enhancing coordination among relevant agencies, reforming the agrarian administration system, and providing stronger legal protection for beneficiaries to reduce potential disputes. This article is expected to serve as a reference in the development of land redistribution policies in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.