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All Journal IJEMS (Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability) Andalasian International Journal of Applied Science, Engineering, and Technology
Massaid, Andre
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering Public Health

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The Effectiveness of Gambir Leaves (Uncaria gambir roxb) as A Biocoagulant in Reducing Pollutant in Palm Oil Mill Effluent Massaid, Andre; Putra, Syawal Andika; Anandhito, Muhammad Varrel; Habibullah, Ahmad Zaki; Maharjan, Namita; Putra, Alqadri Asri
Andalasian International Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 4 No. 3 (2024): November 2024
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/aijaset.v4i3.163

Abstract

Crude Palm Oil (CPO) production increased to 46.82 tons in 2022 (BPS), and this manufacturing process produces wastewaste that is harmful to the environment. The quality standards for palm oil mill effluent (POME) include BOD 100 mg/L, COD 350 mg/L, TSS 250 mg/L, oil and grease 25 mg/L, and total nitrogen 50 mg/L. POME with high organic content can cause eutrophication, siltation, and death of aquatic organisms. One method of treating this wastewater can be carried out through coagulation. In water treatment, chemical coagulants are typically used to remove impurities, but biocoagulants from Gambir leaves offer a natural and environmentally friendly alternative. These biocoagulants can effectively treat water while reducing the need for synthetic chemicals, presenting a sustainable solution. Gambir leaves contain polyphenolic compounds that are effective as biocoagulants. This study examines the effectiveness of Gambir leaves as a biocoagulant in reducing palm oil effluent pollutants, including TSS, BOD, COD, oil and grease, and total nitrogen. This study includes the initial steps in making biocoaglant until examining POME wastewater. Based on the results of the study, it was found that Gambir leaves extract has the potential to reduce pH and remove TSS, BOD, COD, oil and grease, and total nitrogen contained in POME with a concentration variation of 1000 mg/L, 2000 mg/L, 3000 mg/L, and 4000 mg/L.
The Effectiveness of Gambir Leaves (Uncaria gambir roxb) as A Biocoagulant in Reducing Pollutant in Palm Oil Mill Effluent Massaid, Andre; Putra, Syawal Andika; Anandhito, Muhammad Varrel; Habibullah, Ahmad Zaki; Maharjan, Namita; Putra, Alqadri Asri
Andalasian International Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 4 No. 3 (2024): November 2024
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/aijaset.v4i3.163

Abstract

Crude Palm Oil (CPO) production increased to 46.82 tons in 2022 (BPS), and this manufacturing process produces wastewaste that is harmful to the environment. The quality standards for palm oil mill effluent (POME) include BOD 100 mg/L, COD 350 mg/L, TSS 250 mg/L, oil and grease 25 mg/L, and total nitrogen 50 mg/L. POME with high organic content can cause eutrophication, siltation, and death of aquatic organisms. One method of treating this wastewater can be carried out through coagulation. In water treatment, chemical coagulants are typically used to remove impurities, but biocoagulants from Gambir leaves offer a natural and environmentally friendly alternative. These biocoagulants can effectively treat water while reducing the need for synthetic chemicals, presenting a sustainable solution. Gambir leaves contain polyphenolic compounds that are effective as biocoagulants. This study examines the effectiveness of Gambir leaves as a biocoagulant in reducing palm oil effluent pollutants, including TSS, BOD, COD, oil and grease, and total nitrogen. This study includes the initial steps in making biocoaglant until examining POME wastewater. Based on the results of the study, it was found that Gambir leaves extract has the potential to reduce pH and remove TSS, BOD, COD, oil and grease, and total nitrogen contained in POME with a concentration variation of 1000 mg/L, 2000 mg/L, 3000 mg/L, and 4000 mg/L.
Comparative Study of Physical Components and Degradability of Natural Fibers as Alternative Biofilm Media for Wastewater Treatment Systems Massaid, Andre; Putra , Syawal Andika; Putri , Dewi Yusnisa; Zulkarnaini, Zulkarnaini; Putra, Alqadri Asri
Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability Vol. 10 No. 4 (2026): December
Publisher : Magister Program of Material Science, Graduate School of Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/ijems.2026.10.4.290-299

Abstract

This study supports the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on clean water and sustainable production by evaluating the potential of natural fibers as biofilm media for wastewater treatment. Seven types of media were assessed, including polyurethane sponge as a control, straw, coconut fiber, sugar palm fiber, sphagnum moss, oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), and tree fern board. The evaluation was conducted over a 30-day period based on physical characteristics (pore size and porosity) and water quality parameters (pH, TDS, TSS, and COD), complemented by organoleptic observations. Media performance was ranked using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The results indicated that tree fern board (TOPSIS score 0.833) and sugar palm fiber (TOPSIS score 0.778) were the most promising natural biofilm media, exhibiting porous structures, good physical stability, and consistent biofilm formation, with performance approaching that of the polyurethane sponge. In contrast, straw, EFB, coconut fiber, and sphagnum moss showed lower performance due to rapid degradation or insufficient structural stability, which adversely affected water quality. Overall, this study confirms that tree fern board and sugar palm fiber are viable and sustainable alternatives to synthetic biofilm media, with strong potential for long-term application in environmentally friendly wastewater treatment systems.
Co-Authors Anandhito, Muhammad Varrel Habibullah, Ahmad Zaki Maharjan, Namita Putra , Syawal Andika Putra, Alqadri Asri Putra, Syawal Andika Putri , Dewi Yusnisa Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini