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All Journal Formosa Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (FJMR) Aurelia: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia
Andriyanto, Kristoforus Evan
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Humanities Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Post-Cold War Great Power Strategic Engagements: United States – China - Russia Putri, Faradillah Isnaeni; Pedrason, Rodon; Inkiriwang, Frega Ferdinand Wenas; Andriyanto, Kristoforus Evan; Arum, Dyah Sekar
Formosa Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Vol. 3 No. 12 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : PT FORMOSA CENDEKIA GLOBAL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55927/fjmr.v3i12.12280

Abstract

The post-Cold War period witnessed the evolution of Great Power Strategic Engagements (GPSE) among the United States, China, and Russia, characterized by cooperation, competition, and complex interactions. These engagements impact global stability through military, economic, and diplomatic spheres. Strategic competition, particularly influenced by economic and technological ambitions, has shaped policies and alliances. This research employs a qualitative approach, analyzing literature to understand how GPSE and Great Power Competition (GPC) interplay affects international order and defense strategies, emphasizing cooperation potential and conflict risks. The study underscores the delicate balance between rivalry and collaboration.
China’s Hybrid Response towards Emerging Security Alliances in the Indo-Pacific: A Defense Diplomacy Perspective Andriyanto, Kristoforus Evan; Pedrason, Rodon; Perwita, Anak Agung Banyu; Surjaatmadja, Surachman
AURELIA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia Vol 4, No 2 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : CV. Rayyan Dwi Bharata

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57235/aurelia.v4i2.5631

Abstract

The intensifying geopolitical rivalry in the Indo-Pacific has made China employ a hybrid strategy to respond to emerging security alliances in the Indo-Pacific, such as the QUAD, AUKUS, JAPHUS, and SQUAD, by combining militarization, economic coercion, and selective diplomatic engagement, to resist perceived containment while avoiding direct conflict. This qualitative research aims to assess the effectiveness of the strategies and analyze the impact of the responses on regional security stability, through the lens of defense diplomacy and hybrid warfare theoretical framework. Rooted in realist principles, China's response complicates the effectiveness of alliance-based security frameworks and undermines traditional defense diplomacy norms. While China's assertive actions heighten regional tensions, its simultaneous engagement in bilateral economic deals and crisis management mechanisms offers temporary de-escalation. China's strategic maneuvers are designed to solidify its long-term hegemony and test the resilience of regional security frameworks while diminishing US influence.
China’s Hybrid Response towards Emerging Security Alliances in the Indo-Pacific: A Defense Diplomacy Perspective Andriyanto, Kristoforus Evan; Pedrason, Rodon; Perwita, Anak Agung Banyu; Surjaatmadja, Surachman
AURELIA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia Vol 4, No 2 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : CV. Rayyan Dwi Bharata

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57235/aurelia.v4i2.5631

Abstract

The intensifying geopolitical rivalry in the Indo-Pacific has made China employ a hybrid strategy to respond to emerging security alliances in the Indo-Pacific, such as the QUAD, AUKUS, JAPHUS, and SQUAD, by combining militarization, economic coercion, and selective diplomatic engagement, to resist perceived containment while avoiding direct conflict. This qualitative research aims to assess the effectiveness of the strategies and analyze the impact of the responses on regional security stability, through the lens of defense diplomacy and hybrid warfare theoretical framework. Rooted in realist principles, China's response complicates the effectiveness of alliance-based security frameworks and undermines traditional defense diplomacy norms. While China's assertive actions heighten regional tensions, its simultaneous engagement in bilateral economic deals and crisis management mechanisms offers temporary de-escalation. China's strategic maneuvers are designed to solidify its long-term hegemony and test the resilience of regional security frameworks while diminishing US influence.
Co-Authors Anak Agung Banyu Perwita Arum, Dyah sekar Inkiriwang, Frega Ferdinand Wenas Pedrason, Rodon Putri, Faradillah Isnaeni Surachman Surjaatmadja