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All Journal ISLAM NUSANTARA: Journal for the Study of Islamic History and Culture Journal of Global Strategic Studies Muslim Politics Review
Utama, Virdika Rizky
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Religion Arts Humanities Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences Other

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Nahdlatul Ulama’s Strategic Role in Shaping Indonesian Foreign Policy Utama, Virdika Rizky
Muslim Politics Review Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia (UIII)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56529/mpr.v3i2.312

Abstract

This article analyses the strategic influence of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) on Indonesian foreign policy using constructivist theory and social identity theory as frameworks. It contends that NU's contributions are motivated by its intrinsic identity and principles, including the promotion of moderate Islam, rather than by external influences. This research utilizes the G20 Religion Forum (R20) and the ASEAN Intercultural and Interreligious Dialogue Conference (IIDC) as case studies to illustrate how NU capitalizes on its religious identity and principles to support Indonesia's diplomatic objectives of promoting peace, tolerance, and international collaboration. This study emphasizes the relationship between identity formation and policy results, illustrating NU as a crucial non-state participant in Indonesia's religious diplomacy.
The Global South in a Multipolar World Order: Utama, Virdika Rizky
Journal Of Global Strategic Studies Vol 5 No 1 (2025): Journal of Global Strategic Studies
Publisher : Master's Programs in International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Jenderal Achmad Yani University (UNJANI).

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36859/jgss.v5i1.3480

Abstract

In the context of the Global South, this research examines the dynamics of relations between Indonesia and China, with a particular emphasis on economic cooperation, diplomacy, and geopolitical influence. This research primarily examines the impact of the Indonesia-China strategic partnership on the economic development of Indonesia and the ASEAN region, as evidenced by initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). It also examines the potential economic dependency and geopolitical conflict in the South China Sea and the implications of this cooperation for developing countries. This study concludes that the Indonesia-China partnership can serve as a model of South-South collaboration that contributes to a more equitable multipolar global order. However, it necessitates strategic balance to prevent over-dependence. This conclusion is reached through a qualitative approach.
Revisiting Sino–Indonesian Encounters: A Neo-Tributary Perspective on Power, Economy, and Islamic Maritime History Utama, Virdika Rizky; Mukhtar, Abdullah
Islam Nusantara: Journal for the Study of Islamic History and Culture Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): Islam Nusantara: Journal for the Study of Islamic History and Culture
Publisher : Faculty of Islam Nusantara, Nahdlatul Ulama University of Indonesia (Unusia) Jakarta.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47776/islamnusantara.v7i1.1819

Abstract

Patterns of Indonesia–China relations over the past two decades reveal an increasingly asymmetrical economic partnership shaped by large-scale investment in infrastructure and extractive industries. Strategic projects, such as the high-speed railway and nickel processing, illustrate how financial and technological dependence has deepened Indonesia’s structural vulnerability within the bilateral relationship. Interpreting these developments through the historical logic of the tributary system sheds light on emerging power hierarchies that resemble a modern neo-tributary order. Evidence from academic studies and media sources underscores the need for a more autonomous and strategically calibrated foreign policy to safeguard national sovereignty amid intensifying regional competition.   Abstrak Pola hubungan Indonesia–Tiongkok dalam dua dekade terakhir menunjukkan kemitraan ekonomi yang semakin asimetris, terutama melalui investasi besar pada infrastruktur dan industri ekstraktif. Proyek strategis seperti kereta cepat dan pengolahan nikel memperlihatkan pendalaman ketergantungan finansial dan teknologi yang meningkatkan kerentanan struktural Indonesia. Dengan membaca dinamika ini melalui logika historis sistem upeti, terlihat hierarki kekuasaan yang menyerupai tatanan neo-tributary modern. Bukti dari studi akademik dan media menegaskan perlunya politik luar negeri yang lebih mandiri dan terkalibrasi untuk menjaga kedaulatan nasional di tengah persaingan kawasan yang meningkat.
Co-Authors Mukhtar, Abdullah