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All Journal Journal of Education and Teacher Training Innovation (JETTI) Humanities Horizon Journal ASEAN Journal for Science and Engineering in Materials
Onwudinjo, Felicity Uju
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Humanities Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Education Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Social Sciences Other

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Journal : Humanities Horizon Journal

 1 
Analysis of selected heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Cu, Cr) in surface water and sediments in Okulu River in Eleme Local Government Area of Rivers State Nigeria Ifiora, Chukwudozie Colman; Woke, G. N.; Onwudinjo, Felicity Uju; Ekeke, Chimezie; Iringe-Koko, T. M.; Osaro, Paul Aforji
Humanities Horizon Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : PT. Pena Produktif Kreatif

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63373/3047-8014/49

Abstract

Industrial activities along riverine environments in the Niger Delta have raised serious concerns about heavy metal contamination of surface water and sediments, with potential implications for ecosystem integrity and public health. The Okulu River in Eleme Local Government Area, Rivers State, is increasingly exposed to industrial effluents, making it necessary to assess its environmental quality. The study employed an environmental analytical research design to assess heavy metal concentrations in surface water and sediments of the Okulu River in Eleme Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria. Five sampling points, including four industrially impacted sites and one control, were analyzed. Surface water and sediment samples were collected, digested using mixed acids, and analyzed for Fe, Pb, Cu and Cr using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Results were statistically analyzed and compared with World Health Organization standards to evaluate contamination levels and potential environmental and health risks. The results revealed spatial variations in heavy metal concentrations in surface water and sediments of the Okulu River. Iron levels in surface water (1.401–10.46 mg/L) and sediments (1.4565–10.581 mg/L) were below the WHO limit (20 mg/L). Lead concentrations in surface water (0.029–14.91 mg/L) exceeded the WHO limit (0.01 mg/L), indicating contamination, while sediment lead levels (0.0359–36.233 mg/L) remained within the permissible limit (400 mg/L). Copper concentrations in surface water (0.002–3.814 mg/L) and sediments (0.3432–18.754 mg/L) were below WHO limits (35 mg/L). Chromium showed elevated levels in surface water (0.397–24.09 mg/L) and sediments (0.01523–15.1506 mg/L), exceeding WHO limits (0.003 mg/L). The study concludes that while some metals pose minimal risk, elevated lead and chromium levels preasent potential environmental and health concerns, underscoring the need for continuous monitoring and effective regulation of industrial discharges into the Okulu River.
Evaluating quality of water bodies in rural communities in the Southeastern Nigeria and Implications to health of the citizen Onwudinjo, Felicity Uju; Okongwu, Dozie John
Humanities Horizon Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : PT. Pena Produktif Kreatif

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63373/3047-8014/50

Abstract

Access to safe drinking water remains a major public health challenge in rural communities of South-Eastern Nigeria. This study evaluated the quality of water bodies in selected rural areas of Ebonyi, Anambra, and Abia States, assessing contaminant types, concentrations, and potential health implications for residents. A cross-sectional, seasonal field-based approach was adopted, with ninety water samples collected from nine springs during both the dry and rainy seasons. Physicochemical, microbial, and heavy metal parameters including pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids, iron, lead, total coliform, and Escherichia coli were analyzed using standard APHA methods. Statistical analyses, including multiple regression, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis, revealed that microbial contamination (total coliform and E. coli) and physical-chemical factors (turbidity, iron, total dissolved solids) were the dominant contributors to water quality degradation. Significant correlations indicated that lower pH and elevated turbidity and total coliform levels exacerbate contamination, while cluster analysis highlighted spatial heterogeneity and high-risk locations requiring urgent intervention. The findings underscore the serious health risks posed by drinking water in these communities and point to the need for effective monitoring, pollution mitigation, and community-based water treatment strategies to reduce disease burden.
Co-Authors Ekeke, Chimezie Ifiora, Chukwudozie Colman Iringe-Koko, T. M. Okongwu, Dozie John Osaro, Paul Aforji Woke, G. N.