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Zakaria, Nurul Aili
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences

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Assessment of Biological Activity, Total Phenolic Content, and Cytotoxicity of Ethyl Acetate Extracts from an Endophytic Fungus, Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae IBRL OS-64 Mat Jalil, Mohd Taufiq; Zakaria, Nurul Aili; Yahya, Mohd Fakharul Zaman Raja; Mohamad, Sharifah Aminah Syed; Ibrahim, Darah
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 32 No. 2 (2025): March 2025
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.32.2.445-458

Abstract

The biological activities of ethyl acetate extracts of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae IBRL OS-64 were assessed in the present study. Antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH scavenging assay, antibacterial activity via broth microdilution, and total phenolic content using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. In vivo toxicity was determined using a brine shrimp lethality assay. The fraction extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, with an EC50 of 441.6 µg/ml, surpassing the crude extract's. The EEELP showed a relatively low phenolic content of 13.273 µg GAE/mg extract. Regarding antibacterial activity, both crude and fraction extracts demonstrated MIC values ranging from 62.5 to 250 µg/ml against Gram-positive bacteria, while MBC values ranged from 125 to 500 µg/ml for both extracts. The MIC values for crude and fraction extracts against Gram-negative bacteria were 250-500 µg/ml, whilst the MBC values for both crude and fraction extracts were in the range of 500–2,000 µg/ml. The findings also revealed that Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible to both extracts (crude and fraction) than Gram-negative bacteria. The crude extract exhibited a non-cytotoxic effect with an LC50 value of 2054.88 µg/ml for acute exposure and a low cytotoxic effect with an LC50 value of 199.69 µg/ml for chronic exposure. Meanwhile, the fraction extract demonstrated a non-cytotoxic effect for both acute and chronic with an LC50 value of 5744.14 µg/ml and 1035.94 µg/ml, respectively. Therefore, the present study suggests that the fraction extract could be an effective pharmaceutical agent and safe for drug development due to its low toxicity.
Tannase Activity Optimization and Antibiotic Resistance Profiling of Bacteria Isolated from Goat Feces and Ruminal Fluid Mohd Zaki, Nur Farah Syuhada; Aris, Farizan; Mohamed Yunus, Norfatimah; Mat Jalil, Mohd Taufiq; Zakaria, Nurul Aili
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 32 No. 5 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.32.5.1387-1399

Abstract

Tannase is a vital enzyme produced by microorganisms in the rumen and gastrointestinal tracts of animals, capable of converting tannins—a common anti-nutritional factor in feeds. This study optimized physicochemical conditions of pH, temperature, substrate concentration, and incubation time for evaluating crude tannase activity in tannin-degrading bacteria (TDB) isolated from ruminal fluid (TDB17: Lysinibacillus macroides (KR780381), TDB18: Acinetobacter nosocomialis [MH084921], TDB23: Acinetobacter nosocomialis [MT540255]), and goat feces (TDB24: Acinetobacter nosocomialis [MT540255]). Among these, TDB23: A. nosocomialis (MT540255) demonstrated the highest tannase activity, reaching 96.83 U/ml under optimized conditions. Interestingly, TDB17: L. macroides (KR780381) and TDB24: A. nosocomialis (MT540255) exhibited thermostable tannase across a temperature between 20°C and 80°C, with sustained activity in the range of 60.15-50.34 U/ml and 29.93-28.98 U/ml, respectively. Additionally, the antibiotic resistance profile of these TDB and the synergistic effects of its crude tannase were evaluated using a disc diffusion assay. All TDBs were susceptible to meropenem, tigecycline, gentamicin, streptomycin, and chloramphenicol but resistant to penicillin G, cephalothin, cefoxitin, and vancomycin. Notably, A. nosocomialis (TDB18, TDB23, and TDB24) demonstrated sensitivity to sulfamethoxazole, while L. macroides (TDB17) exhibited resistance. Moreover, the crude tannase synergistically enhanced the antibacterial activity of antibiotics (p<0.05) against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Co-Authors Aris, Farizan Darah Ibrahim Mat Jalil, Mohd Taufiq Mohamad, Sharifah Aminah Syed Mohamed Yunus, Norfatimah Mohd Zaki, Nur Farah Syuhada Yahya, Mohd Fakharul Zaman Raja