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All Journal HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Proceedings of Annual International Conference Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter
Darah Ibrahim
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Fungal bioconversion of old oil-palm trunks by enzymatic hydrolysis on development of alternate energy source Lee Kok Chang; Takamitsu Arai; Akihiko Kosugi; Darah Ibrahim; Panida Prawitwong; Yutaka Mori
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 2, No 1 (2012): Life Sciences
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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Abstract

The progressive depletion of fossil fuels has been causing increasing concern on rising energy consumption and environmental issues, such as greenhouse gas emission (GHG) and global warming. Due to low productivity of oil-palm tree after 20 - 25 years, the trees passed their economic age followed by the cutting-activity for replanting. Consequently, the old oil-palm trunks are one of the most abundantly available renewable resources produced, especially by Indonesia and Malaysia. We found that the felled oil palm trunk contains large quantity of sap with high concentration of free sugar contents. The oil-palm trunk residues which are the residual substances after squeezing sap will be discharged in large quantity. Composition analysis revealed that oil-palm residues mainly consisted of 73.12% holocellulose (cellulose and hemicellulose) and 24.6% of lignin. We tried the screening of filamentous fungus which can produce high-activity enzyme against oil-palm trunk residues as feedstock of bioethanol production.  A filamentous fungus, which is Penicillium rolfsii with strong activity against oil-palm trunk residues was selected for saccharification experimental study. The result showed that higher amount of sugar production was achieved comparing to the commercial enzymes (Celluclast 1.5L and Accellerase®1500) on hydrolysis of oil palm residues, which is 1 to 2-fold of higher activity. Hence, Penicillium rolfsii have attracted a great deal of interest as oil-palm residues degrader due to their superiority activity against commercial enzymes.
Crystallization of thermostable lipase from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans IBRL-nra Anuradha Balan; Darah Ibrahim; Rashidah Abdul Rahim
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 2, No 1 (2012): Life Sciences
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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Abstract

Crystallization of a protein is a process of formation of a solid crystal from a homogeneous solution which leads to the knowledge of its three dimensional structures and it plays important role in designing and engineering protein for specific purposes. Thermostable lipases are commercially significant for their potential use in industries as it is stable and active in organic solvents, possess a wide range of substrate specificity, resistance to high temperature and chemical denaturation. The purified thermostable lipase from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans IBRL-nra was screened for crystal formation using Hampton Research screening kit, HR2-121 and HR2-122 using hanging drop vapour diffusion and microbatch methods. Microcrystals and rod clusters grew from mixtures in formulation 14, 20, 21 and 38 of HR2-121 and formulation 14, 16, 32 and 45 of HR2-122. Further enhancement of the parameters was carried out for the formation of well-defined crystal. The parameters tested are pH (4.6, 6.5, 7.5 and 8.5) and concentration of CaCl2 (0.15-0.38M)
Enhancement of reducing sugar production by A. niger USM AI1 on oil palm frond in tray system via solid state fermentation Lim Sheh Hong; Darah Ibrahim; Ibrahim Che Omar
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 2, No 1 (2012): Life Sciences
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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Abstract

To obtain higher reducing sugar production via solid state fermentation (SSF), it is necessary to develop a stabile bioprocess system. In this study, optimized the physical parameter of SSF in a shallow aluminium tray (30 cm x 20 cm x 6 cm) was carried out  in order to maximize  reducing sugar production by A. niger USM AI1 using oil palm frond as a substrate.  Production of reducing sugars before optimization in tray system was 185.00 ± 2.85 mg / g substrate with the fungal growth of 2.32 mg ± 0.06 glucosamine / g substrate. However, after optimization of physical parameter (amount of substrate, inoculum size, temperature and moisture content in substrate) the maximum reducing sugar yield was achieved 251.13 ± 1.95 mg / g substrate with the fungus growth of 3.21 ± 0.10 mg glucosamine / g on the 4 days of cultivation period.  The results showed that the production of reducing sugar was increased by 35.7% compared to before optimization.   Thus, optimized the physical parameter of solid state fermentation in a tray system has succeeded in increasing the production of reducing sugars. To meet the increasing demands of reducing sugar from biomass, it is necessary to obtain the optimum condition in SSF process
Penicillium rolfsii, the potential lignocellulolytic fungus on hydrolysis of oil-palm residues from oil palm trunk as a second generation biofuel feedstock Lee Kok Chang; Takamitsu Arai; Akihiko Kosugi; Darah Ibrahim; Panida Prawitwong; Yutaka Mori
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 2, No 1 (2012): Life Sciences
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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Abstract

Energy crisis involved the excessive consumption of fuels causing the increased in energy demands, oil price and depletion of fossil fuels. This has resulted in generation of high level of greenhouse gases emission. Therefore, in order to overcome these problems, alternative fuel has to be produced. This study was conducted to isolate potential fungal strains which can hydrolyze oil-palm residues as feedstock for bioethanol production. One hundred and sixty four fungal isolates were isolated from various sources and were screened for reducing sugars and protein production using submerged fermentation system. Out of these, 65 fungal strains were found capable to produce high specific activity relatively on oil-palm residues with the assay condition of temperature at 50oC for incubation time of 24 hours. Fungal isolate namely, Penicillium rolfsii was selected for subsequent study since it showed the highest capability to hydrolyze oil-palm residues comparing to other fungal strains based on time-course profile for 48 hours incubation time. Capability of Penicillium rolfsii on hydrolysis of oil-palm residues was evaluated by comparing to type strain of NBRC7735 and commercial enzymes (Celluclast 1.5L and Accellerase®1500). Conversion of these lignocellulosic oil-palm residues into fermentable sugars by enzymatic hydrolysis for bioethanol production has to be further investigated to move towards on alternative, renewable, sustainable, efficient and cost effective energy source
Studies on antibiotic compounds of methanol extract of Curculigo latifolia dryand Lim Sheh Hong; Darah Ibrahim
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 2, No 1 (2012): Life Sciences
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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Abstract

A research was conducted to study the effect of different parts of the extracts from Curculigo latifolia Dryand plant.  They were from the roots, stems and leaves by using methanol as the extraction solvent.  The antimicrobial activity of methanol extract from Curculigo latifolia Dryand was then performed on various tested bacteria, yeasts and fungi.  The results revealed that the extracts possessed antimicrobial activities on all of tested bacteria and yeasts. However, all the tested fungi exhibited resistant against all the different parts of Curculigo latifolia Dryand extracts. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum lethality concentration (MLC) of the Curculigo latifolia Dryand extracts against bacteria and yeast cells were determined and the mode of action of the roots extract on the cells was studied by means of microscopy
Antimicrobial activity of Phomopsis sp. ED2, an endophytic fungus isolated from Orthosiphon stamineus Benth Tong Woei Yenn; Darah Ibrahim; Latiffah Zakaria
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 2, No 1 (2012): Life Sciences
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. ED2, which was previously isolated from the flower of the medicinal plant Orthosiphon stamineus Benth, in Penang, Malaysia. The 14 days-old fungal cultures were extracted with different organic solvents, include hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and butanol. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts were tested by disc diffusion assay. Based on the results, most antimicrobial compounds were present in the ethyl acetate fraction, and this extract could significantly inhibit the activity of bacteria, yeasts and fungi. The results also indicate that the antimicrobial compounds were mainly associated with the fungal biomass and all the Gram-positive test bacteria were inhibited by the ethyl acetate extract of the fungal biomass. Notably, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aereus exhibited a high sensitivity to the extract, with a low minimal inhibitory concentration and low minimal lethal concentration. The isolate also effectively inhibited the growth of the dermatophytes Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton rubrum. Preliminary phytochemical screening also demonstrated that the extract contains phenols and steroids which possess antimicrobial activity. These results reveal that the endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. is potential source of novel chemotherapeutic agents
Assessment of double screening programmes via solid substrate fermentation (SSF) in a flask system and identification of lovastatin potential producer Syarifah A. Rashid; Darah Ibrahim; I Nyoman Pugeg Aryantha
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 2, No 1 (2012): Life Sciences
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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Abstract

Local economical substrates namely rice bran and unprocessed brown rice was applied into fermentation condition to produce a potent secondary metabolite compound, lovastatin. A basis condition of fermentation viz. 70% (v/w) of moisture content (adjusted to pH 6.0), 1x107 spore/ml of inoculum size, mixture of 1:1 substrates and 7 days of incubation period, was applied into SSF system. During a preliminary test, all of 72 fungi disclosed positive dark spot onto the thin layer chromatography plate (TLC). In order to verify the existence of lovastatin, the secondary screening which involving high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was conducted. Out of 72, only 71 fungi were detected as lovastatin producers and the highest production was stated from SAR I isolate with 68.72±0.84 mg lovastatin/g dry substrate and 0.87±0.03 mg glucosamine/g dry substrate of fungal growth. SAR I isolate was identified via colony and microscopic morphologies. Through the observations, SAR I isolate was identical to Aspergillus niger
Antidepressant-like effect of extracts from Urtica dioica in mice model of depression Amir Modarresi Chahardehi; Darah Ibrahim; Farid Abolhassani; Shaida Fariza Sulaiman
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 2, No 1 (2012): Life Sciences
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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Abstract

Urtica dioica (Stinging nettle) leaves have been used as a traditional medicine to treatrheumatoid arthritis, to alleviate rheumatic pain benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), diuretic and prevention of kidney stones by local people in Middle East region especially in Iran, Turkey and East Europe. Hence, this investigation evaluates the antidepressant effect of selected crude extracts in the forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST), two models predictive of antidepressant activity. The acute treatment of mice with extracts by intra-peritoneal (i.p.) route significantly reduced the immobility time in the FST (50 and 100 mg/kg) and TST (50 and 100 mg/kg), as compared to positive controls (haloperidol and fluoxetine) at 1 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. On the third day of experiment, a significant decrease of mobility was observed for chloroform extract (CE I) and butanol extract (BE II) compared to first day. CE I and BE II led to reduction of immobility time, as the selected extracts with two doses administered were different compared to the control, in the FST method by 65.37% and53.92% for 100 mg/kg, respectively. However, CE I showed the best result compared to our positive controls. Similar results of increased antidepressant effect, that was, of immobility time depending on the concentration administered, were obtained with the TST method. Also our data showed that there was no significant differences between doses (50 and 100 mg/kg). The results suggested that the antidepressant action of the butanol extract and of U. dioica its fraction (BE II2) was mediated by an interaction with 5-hydroxytrptamine (5-HT). U. dioica showed a potential source for the isolation of important natural products with antidepressant-like properties. However, further studies are still required
The influence of physical parameters towards hyper cholesterol reducing agent production, lovastatin, under solid substrate fermentation (SSF) condition Syarifah A. Rashid; Darah Ibrahim; I Nyoman Pugeg Aryantha
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 2, No 1 (2012): Life Sciences
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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Abstract

Two potential substrates namely rice bran and unprocessed brown rice indicated positive result of lovastatin existence. Aspergillus niger SAR I, our local isolated fungus, took a responsibility to cooperate with those substrates in SSF system. Further experiment including initial profile production, effect of physical parameters (temperature, inoculum size and substrate quantity) and final profile production, were carried out. For initial profile, a basic condition of SSF which consisted 70% (v/w) of moisture content (adjusted to pH 6.0), 5 g substrates mixture (ungrounded size), 1x107 spore/ml of inoculum size and incubation temperature at 30±2 0C, was conducted in a flask system and fermented for 7 days. Those conditions allowed 160.03±3.79 mg lovastatin/g dry substrate of lovastatin production during initial stage. After a study of effect of physical parameters, it showed that the optimum temperature was still at ambient temperature (30±2 0C) and substrate quantity of 5 g but different inoculum size (1x105 spore/ml). Each parameters specifically temperature, inoculum size and substrate quantity produced 253.98±5.92 mg lovastatin/g dry substrate, 297.64±0.56 mg lovastatin/g dry substrate and 298.72±44.12 mg lovastatin/g dry substrate, respectively. Throughout the final profile, the production was 305.08±14.15 mg lovastatin/g dry substrate which made the total increment hit to almost 91%. In this experiment, lovastatin was subjected into high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with acetonitrile and phosphoric acid (pH 3.0) as a mobile phase.
Anti-MRSA activity of Penicillium minioluteum ED24, an endophytic fungus isolated from Orthosiphon stamineus Benth Tong Woei Yenn; Darah Ibrahim; Latiffah Zakaria
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 2, No 1 (2012): Life Sciences
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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Abstract

Nowadays, the medical concerns with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aereus (MRSA) arised when in 2009, the proportion of S. aureus isolates that are resistant to methicilin has increased to 59.5%- 64.4% in South East Asia. Hence a new antibacterial agent from natural source is necessary to combat the infectious diseases. This study aimed to investigate the anti-MRSA activity of the endophytic fungus Penicillium minioluteum ED24, which was previously isolated from the leaf of the medicinal plant Orthosiphon stamineus Benth, in Penang, Malaysia. Methanol was used to extract the freeze-dried fungal biomass of the 14-days old fungal culture. The extract showed very significant anti-MRSA activity of disc diffusion assay with the minimal inhibitory concentration of 31.3 mg/mL and minimal lethality concentration of 250 mg/mL. Besides, 50% growth reduction of MRSA was observed at 33.2 h at the concentration of extract at MIC and 26.7 h at concentration of 2MIC. The structural degeneration of MRSA was observed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM micrographs showed that the formation of cavities were observe on the extract treated cells and the cell wall structure of the MRSA was collapsed after treated with the fungal extract. The results suggesting that the bacterial cell wall is the target of the antibiotic compound(s) present in the extract. These results reveal that the endophytic fungus P. minioluteum ED24 a is potential source of anti-MRSA compounds
Co-Authors Akihiko Kosugi Akihiko Kosugi Amir Modarresi Chahardehi Anuradha Balan Farid Abolhassani I Nyoman Pugeg Aryantha I Nyoman Pugeg Aryantha Ibrahim Che Omar LATIFFAH ZAKARIA Lee Kok Chang Lim Sheh Hong Lim Sheh Hong Mat Jalil, Mohd Taufiq Mohamad, Sharifah Aminah Syed Panida Prawitwong Rashidah Abdul Rahim Shaida Fariza Sulaiman Syarifah A. Rashid Syarifah A. Rashid Takamitsu Arai Takamitsu Arai Tong Woei Yenn Tong Woei Yenn Yahya, Mohd Fakharul Zaman Raja Yutaka Mori Zakaria, Nurul Aili