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All Journal International Journal of Health and Medicine Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia
Muhammad Hamza Mubarak
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Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Impact of Estrogen Therapy on BRCA1-Associated Breast Cancer Progression in Transgender Women Muhammad Hamza Mubarak; Muhammad Kharisma
International Journal of Health and Medicine Vol. 1 No. 4 (2024): October : International Journal of Health and Medicine
Publisher : Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62951/ijhm.v1i4.97

Abstract

The combination of hormone treatment and genetic liabilities in transgender women leads to a complicated situation for breast cancer growth particularly linked to BRCA1 mutations. Gender-affirming treatment relies heavily on estrogen and causes intense cell growth and differentiation in breast tissue driven by estrogen receptor mechanisms. Mutations in BRCA1 lead to weak DNA repair processes which enhance an individual's vulnerability to cancerous changes. Rodestrogens enhance the functioning of proliferative pathways like PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways in cells with dysfunctional BRCA1. This collaborative action elevates the threats posed by benign growths such as fibroadenomas leading to invasive breast cancer. By affecting the expression of vital regulatory proteins linked to cell proliferation estrogen further compromises the genomic integrity in cells harboring BRCA1 mutations. The hormone environment influenced by exogenous estrogen therapy can shape the tumor microenvironment for better cancer progression and metastasis. Comprehending the relationship between estrogen signaling and pathways related to BRCA1 is important for identifying the enhanced risk of cancer in transgender women using hormone therapy. This detailed study aligns recent discoveries regarding genetic vulnerability and hormonal impacts with cell mechanisms to reveal a detailed insight into breast cancer progression in these individuals. The study emphasizes the necessity for custom-designed cancer screening methods and targeted treatments to help mitigate risks and support transgender care. Understanding these pathways greatly enriches our knowledge of hormone-induced carcinogenesis among those who carry certain genetic markers while also guiding the creation of personalized care for transgender women at enhanced risk of breast cancer.
A Review of The Potential of Neural Stem Cells in Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Neural Tissue Regeneration Muhammad Hamza Mubarak; Evy Sulistyoningrum
Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia
Publisher : Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/jikki.v5i1.7238

Abstract

Cedera tulang belakang (Spinal Cord Injury/SCI) merupakan kondisi neurologis serius yang menyebabkan gangguan fungsional jangka panjang dan penurunan kualitas hidup secara signifikan. Keterbatasan mekanisme regeneratif dalam sistem saraf pusat (CNS) menjadikan pemulihan SCI sebagai tantangan besar dalam dunia medis. Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) muncul sebagai terapi potensial karena kemampuannya berdiferensiasi menjadi berbagai jenis sel saraf dan berintegrasi dengan jaringan yang rusak. Studi ini bertujuan untuk memetakan lanskap riset terkini terkait penggunaan NSCs dalam regenerasi jaringan saraf akibat SCI melalui metode scoping review. Kajian ini dilakukan berdasarkan pedoman PRISMA-ScR, dengan pencarian literatur dari tahun 2015 hingga 2025 melalui database PubMed dan Google Scholar menggunakan kata kunci terkait “Neural Stem Cells” dan “Spinal Cord Injury”. Sebanyak 145 studi memenuhi kriteria inklusi, terdiri dari 88% studi praklinis dan 12% uji klinis. Mayoritas penelitian menyoroti keberhasilan transplantasi NSCs pada model hewan SCI, dengan 60% di antaranya melaporkan peningkatan signifikan dalam fungsi motorik dan sensorik. NSCs terbukti dapat berdiferensiasi menjadi neuron, oligodendrosit, dan astrosit, serta memperbaiki jaringan yang rusak. Meskipun hasil praklinis menunjukkan harapan tinggi, penerapan klinis masih menghadapi hambatan seperti rendahnya tingkat kelangsungan hidup sel, metode transplantasi yang belum optimal, dan isu etik. Oleh karena itu, penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengatasi tantangan tersebut, termasuk perluasan uji klinis dengan populasi lebih besar guna mengevaluasi efektivitas dan keamanan terapi NSC dalam pengobatan SCI.
Co-Authors Evy Sulistyoningrum Fachry Abda El Rahman