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Mukhlishien
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Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering

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The Impact of Silica Nanoparticles on the Properties of WPI/CMC Biocomposite Films for Packaging Applications Mukhlishien; Syahiddin DS; Medyan Riza; Azwar
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 9 No. 4 (2024): Oktober 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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Abstract

WPI/CMC biocomposite films reinforced with silica offer a biodegradable alternative to traditional plastics. The primary aim was to assess the impact of silica reinforcement on the films' physical, mechanical, water barrier, and thermal properties, which are crucial for packaging applications. Silica nanoparticle reinforcement significantly enhanced the tensile strength of WPI/CMC biocomposite films, reaching a maximum of 27.07 MPa at a 7% silica concentration. This enhancement in tensile strength came at the cost of reduced elongation, which decreased from 26.48% to 8.32%. The thickness of WPI/CMC biocomposite films with silica addition ranged from 0.126 to 0.371 mm. Silica incorporation significantly reduced water absorption, with a decrease from 83.23% to 63.33%. Tensile strength varied significantly, ranging from 2.02 to 27.07 MPa. Similarly, the elongation values ranged widely, from 7.42% to 26.48%. Thermal properties increased with the increase of silica. The morphology of the biocomposite films with 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9% silica additions exhibited uneven surfaces. The morphology of the biocomposite films was also affected by silica incorporation. The addition of silica nanoparticles resulted in uneven surfaces, which may influence the film's barrier properties and overall performance. Silica nanoparticle reinforcement offers a promising approach to enhance the mechanical properties of WPI/CMC biocomposite films. However, careful optimization of silica concentration is crucial to balance strength and flexibility.
Development of Eco-Friendly Biocomposite Films Based on Whey Protein Isolate and Carboxymethyl Cellulose with Silica as a Filler Azwar; Mukhlishien
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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This research endeavor focuses on the development of biodegradable composite films. The constituents utilized comprise Whey Protein Isolate (WPI) and Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC). Additionally, varying quantities of silica filler are incorporated into the formulations. Films were created using two different CMC amounts (0.75g and 1g) and varying silica levels (0g, 0.05g, 0.15g, 0.25g, 0.35g, and 0.45g). The research systematically examined how the addition of silica affected the films' thickness (which increased from 0.126 mm to 0.371 mm with higher silica content), water absorption, biodegradability, and surface structure. Silica addition also reduced water absorption significantly, improving the film’s resistance to swelling. Biodegradation tests showed all samples met the SNI biodegradability standard (>60%), although higher silica levels reduced the rate of degradation due to its hydrophobic nature. SEM analysis illustrated that films with added silica exhibited smoother, denser surfaces with fewer voids, indicating improved particle distribution and better structural integrity. Overall, the incorporation of silica and CMC successfully enhanced the functional performance of WPI-based biocomposite films. The optimal silica concentration (0.05–0.25 g) provided a good balance between mechanical strength, water resistance, and environmental degradability.
Comparative Study of Biggest Log Modulus and Direct Synthesis Tuning Methods for Multiloop PI Controllers in a Distillation System Mukhlishien; Azwar; Hisbullah
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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Most chemical processes exhibit multivariable characteristics with complex interactions between control loops; therefore, this study evaluates the performance of the Biggest Log Modulus (BLT) and Direct Synthesis (DS) tuning methods on multiloop Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers within a binary distillation system to determine optimal tuning parameters. Through simulations of the set point tracking scenario (Y1), the DS method proved superior, yielding an Integral Absolute Error (IAE) of 10.32 (compared to 37.18 for BLT) and settling times of 119 seconds for Y1 and 111 seconds for Y2. Similarly, in disturbance rejection, the DS method demonstrated a more responsive performance with an IAE of 3.392 and settling times of 71 seconds for Y1 and 52 seconds for Y2, confirming that fine-tuning techniques are crucial for minimizing overshoot and maintaining overall system stability. The advantage of the DS method in dampening oscillations provides higher operational certainty for distillation columns, which are highly sensitive to thermal fluctuations and sudden changes in feed composition. Implementing precise parameters through this approach is expected to reduce operational costs resulting from energy waste during control transitions. The results of this research provide a significant contribution to the development of adaptive control strategies in the dynamic chemical process industry in selecting the most effective tuning method to achieve maximum efficiency, workplace safety, and optimal long-term operational stability.
Co-Authors Azwar Hisbullah Medyan Riza Syahiddin DS