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All Journal Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Goh, Chien Yong
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

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Energy-efficient Carbon-doped TiO2 for Visible Light Degradation of Methyl Orange: Preparation, Performance, and Mechanism Han, Xinying; Guo, Yubei; Goh, Chien Yong; Ngan, Cheng Loong; Tan, Jian Ping; Tan, Peng Chee; Lai, Sin Yuan
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2024: BCREC Volume 19 Issue 4 Year 2024 (December 2024)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20236

Abstract

Water pollution caused by textile dyes has become a serious issue, making the treatment of sewage urgent. Carbon-doped TiO2 (C-doped TiO2), using alkanes and polyols as carbon sources, has been found to be light-responsive in degrading dyes. However, there is a lack of studies on the interfacial interaction between carboxylic acids and TiO2. Therefore, citric acid, a triprotic, hexadentate carboxylic acid, was used to dope TiO2 through solvothermal-calcination. The effects of carbon content and calcination temperature on the photodegradation performance of C-doped TiO2 were investigated. The band gap energy of C-doped TiO2 was found to be narrower (2.67 eV) than that of undoped TiO2 (2.88 eV). After carbon doping, the absorption band extended from the UV to the visible regions, lowering the energy required for electron excitation. The functional groups present on C-doped TiO2 assisted in the adsorption of methyl orange (MO), assisting in photodegradation. Only the anatase phase of TiO2 was observed at calcination temperatures between 250 and 400 °C. Photoluminescence analysis revealed that a lower carbon content and slightly higher calcination temperature resulted in better interfacial charge separation and transfer efficiency. The 10 wt% C-doped TiO2 calcined at 300 °C demonstrated the best MO photodegradation efficiency of 62.1% under visible light illumination. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Visible-light Degradation of Methylene Blue using Energy-Efficient Carbon-Doped TiO2: Kinetic Study and Mechanism Lau, Alysa; Goh, Chien Yong; Guo, Yubei; Alsultan, Abdulkareem Ghassan; Yun Hin, Taufiq-Yap; Nurhadi, Mukhamad; Lai, Sin Yuan
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 1 Year 2025 (April 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20347

Abstract

Wastewater pollution is mainly produced from the dye textile industry and the most widely used photocatalyst to degrade dye textile is TiO2 due to its photostability, low toxicity, and low production cost. However, TiO2 is only responsive under UV light; thus, our study is to extend the TiO2 absorption light to visible region via doping of bio-based carbon source, viz. ascorbic acid, to produce carbon-doped TiO2. The carbon-doped TiO2 were solvothermally synthesized with varying carbon loadings (10, 30, and 50 wt%) and calcination temperatures (250, 300, and 400 oC). The functional groups of carbon-doped TiO2 were determined, which the carbonyl groups (C=O) at 1700 cm-1, alkenyl groups (C=C) at 1630-1670 cm-1, hydroxyl groups at 3380-3390 cm-1, and TiO2 appeared at 450 cm-1. The absorption spectra shifted from UV to visible-light region and the band gap was reduced compared to undoped TiO2. The photoluminescence results showed that the surface oxygen vacancies (SOVs) are generated for carbon-doped TiO2. The Ti–C bond formation was proved through diffractogram peak shifting, while the crystallite sizes decrease with increasing carbon amount and decreasing calcination temperature. The highest methylene blue photodegradation of 89.53% was achieved by 30 wt%C-TiO2-250 photocatalyst at pH 10 under 2 h visible light irradiation. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Co-Authors Alsultan, Abdulkareem Ghassan Guo, Yubei Han, Xinying Lai, Sin Yuan Lau, Alysa Mukhamad Nurhadi, Mukhamad Ngan, Cheng Loong Tan, Jian Ping Tan, Peng Chee Yun Hin, Taufiq-Yap